End-expiratory occlusion maneuver to predict fluid responsiveness in the intensive care unit: an echocardiographic study

Table 2 Hemodynamic variables at baseline, at the end of the end-expiratory occlusion test and after volume expansion in responders (n = 28) and non-responders (n = 22)

Variables	Baseline	EEO	After VE	P1	P2
Heart rate (bpm)
Responders	71 ± 17	71 ± 16	73 ± 16	0.59	0.006
Non-responders	74 ± 18	74 ± 17	74 ± 18	0.99	0.8
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)
Responders	82 ± 15	91 ± 11	94 ± 16	0.34	0.0001
Non-responders	85 ± 12	85 ± 14	96 ± 13	0.18	0.0002
Cardiac output (l/min)
Responders	5. 1 ± 2.0	6.1 ± 2.8	6.4 ± 2.7	<0.0001	<0.0001.
Non-responders	5.0 ± 1.6	5.3 ± 1.8	5.3 ± 1.6	0.0006	0.006
Stroke volume (mL)
Responders	72 ± 20	85 ± 29	87 ± 28	<0.0001	<0.0001
Non-responders	70 ± 23	73 ± 23	73 ± 23	0.0012	0.02
Velocity time integral (cm)
Responders	21 ± 5	25 ± 5	25 ± 5	<0.0001	<0.0001
Non-responders	21 ± 4	22 ± 4	22 ± 5	0.0001	0.01
Vmax (cm/sec)
Responders	1.13 ± 0.26	1.25 ± 0.30	1.27 ± 0.3	<0.0001	<0.0001
Non-responders	1.10 ± 0.25	1.15 ± 0.24	1.15 ± 0.23	<0.001	<0.05

Values are mean ± standard deviation. Patients were considered responders if stroke volume increased by ≥ 10% after 250 mL intravascular volume expansion. Baseline was before end-expiratory occlusion (EEO). The EEO measurements were made at the end of 12-sec EEO. After VE measurements made immediately after volume expansion (VE) (500 ml saline), P1 P values for comparison between measurements at baseline and at the end of EEO, P2 P values for comparison between measurements at baseline and after volume expansion, Vmax peak velocity of aortic blood flow
P < 0.05 for comparison of responders and non-responders at baseline

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