Hyaluronic acid is associated with organ dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Table 4 Association of early (day 0) hyaluronic acid levels with components of the SOFA score

SOFA component^a	Source	β (95% CI)^b	p	β (95% CI)^c	p
Respiratory	Serum	0.45 (0.10–0.80)	0.01	0.42 (0.06–0.78)	0.02
Respiratory	BALF^d	0.37 (0.14–0.60)	0.002	0.36 (0.13–0.60)	0.003
Coagulation	Serum	0.93 (0.48–1.37)	<0.001	1.04 (0.60–1.47)	<0.001
Coagulation	BALF^d	-0.12 (-0.44–0.20)	0.45	-0.08 (-0.40–0.25)	0.65
Liver^e	Serum	0.77 (0.21–1.34)	0.007	0.78 (0.22–1.33)	0.006
Liver^e	BALF^d	-0.02 (-0.44–0.20)	0.93	0.08 (-0.30–0.54)	0.69
Cardiovascular	Serum	0.79 (-0.01–1.60)	>0.05	0.70 (-0.12–1.5)	0.09
Cardiovascular	BALF^d	0.22 (-0.32–0.76)	0.42	0.30 (-0.24–0.85)	0.27
Neurologic	Serum	0.31 (-0.34–0.96)	0.34	0.44 (-0.21–1.1)	0.18
Neurologic	BALF^d	0.01 (-0.42–0.44)	0.95	0.09 (-0.35–0.52)	0.69
Renal	Serum	0.60 (0.16–1.05)	0.01	0.57 (0.12–1.02)	0.014
Renal	BALF^d	-0.08 (-0.39–0.23)	0.60	-0.05 (-0.36–0.26)	0.74

SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
^aSee Additional file 2: Table S2 for scoring of composite SOFA score and individual components
^bLinear regression between log₁₀ transformed day 0 hyaluronic acid concentration and respective outcome measure (in units of SOFA score)
^cMultiple linear regression adjusted for age, sex, race, treatment group, and acute respiratory distress syndrome etiology
^dTwo patients did not have day-0 BALF samples (n = 84)
^eEight patients did not have total bilirubin data available (n = 78)
SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment score

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