Skip to main content

Table 3 Hemodynamic and microcirculatory parameters during esmolol incremental dose regimen

From: Microvascular effects of intravenous esmolol in patients with normal cardiac function undergoing postoperative atrial fibrillation: a prospective pilot study in cardiothoracic surgery

Variables

POAF

E25

E50

E100

E200

P value

Hemodynamic parameters

 HR (beats/min)

133 (120–145)

115 (98–131)

110 (92–122)

111.5(90–124)

105 (100–111)

< 0.001

 MAP (mmHg)

84 (71–89)

71 (64–85)

73 (62.0–78.5)

69.5 (62.7–78.2)

66 (63–69)

< 0.001

 PP (mmHg)

51 (40–59)

44 (30.5–53.0)

41 (28.5–46.0)

42 (32.7–49.2)

45.5 (35.0–53.5)

< 0.001

 SpO2 (%)

96 (94–98)

96 (94–98)

96 (94–98)

96 (95–98)

96 (95–98)

0.787

Microcirculatory parameters

 StO2 (%)

64 (60–68)

62.0 (59.5–68.0)

63.0 (59.0–65.5)

65.5 (60.0–67.2)

67.0 (63.0–68.5)

0.081

 Resaturation speed (%/s)

0.53 (0.42–0.97)

0.61 (0.44–0.95)

0.74 (0.45–0.96)

0.88 (0.47–1.03)

0.82 (0.54–1.14)

0.087

 Desaturation speed (%/s)

0.08 (0.04–0.10)

0.07 (0.04–0.11)

0.08 (0.04–0.10)

0.06 (0.04–0.09)

0.08 (0.05–0.10)

0.319

 ∆StO2 (%)

8 (4–11)

8 (5.0–10.5)

8 (4–10)

8.5 (4.7–11.2)

8.5 (6–10.7)

0.447

  1. Data are shown as medians (25th–75th percentile)
  2. Esmolol infusion at incremental doses: 25 μg/kg/min (E25), 50 μg/kg/min (E50), 100 μg/kg/min (E100), and 200 μg/kg/min (E200)
  3. Continuous variables were analyzed with a linear mixed-effects model.
  4. HR heart rate, MAP mean arterial pressure, POAF postoperative atrial fibrillation, PP pulse pressure, SpO 2 arterial oxygen saturation, StO 2 tissue oxygen saturation