Vitamin D deficiency in critically ill children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Illness severity, organ dysfunction, and clinical outcomes

First author, year [reference]	Mortality	MV	Vasoactive	Illness severity/organ dysfunction	Ca²⁺	Hospital/PICU LOS	Other outcomes
Gauthier, 1990 [54]	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	None
Madden, 2012 [60]	Yes	Yes	Yes/SOFA	PRISM III	No	No	Fluid, severe septic shock, positive culture
McNally, 2012 [62]	Yes	Yes	Yes	PRISM III	Yes	PICU	Fluid bolus
Rippel, 2012 [69]	Yes	Yes	Yes	PIM2	Yes	PICU/Hospital	ECMO, hypotension, arrhythmia, arrest
Ayulo, 2014 [55]	Yes	No	No	PELOD^a	Yes	No	Fluid
Dayal, 2014 [66]	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Hospital	Nosocomial sepsis
Hebbar, 2014 [57]	No	No	Yes	PRISM III, PELOD, SOFA	No	No	Sepsis, shock, antimicrobial peptide
Rey, 2014 [65]	No^a	Yes	Yes	PRISM III/PIM2	No	PICU	Platelets, CRP
Korwutthikulrangsri, 2015 [58]	Yes	Yes	Yes	PRISM III	Yes	PICU	Septicemia, shock, adrenal insufficiency, CRP
Onwuneme, 2015 [63]	No^a	Yes	Yes	PIM2	No	PICU	Shock, fluid, culture-positive sepsis, CRP, platelets, RRT
Prasad, 2015 [64]	Yes^b	Yes	Yes^b	PRISM III	Yes	PICU/Hospital^b	Coagulopathy, culture-positive sepsis
Ebenezer, 2016 [56]	Yes	Yes	Yes/SOFA	PIM2	Yes	PICU	Positive culture, CRP
Ponnarmeni, 2016 [67]	Yes	Yes	Yes	PRISM III/SOFA/MODS	Yes	PICU	Septic shock, positive culture
Bustos, 2016 [71]	Yes	Yes	Yes	PRISM III/PELOD	Yes	PICU/Hospital	Septic shock, fluid, RRT, CRP, PCT, platelets
García-Soler, 2017 [70]	Yes	Yes	Yes	PRISM III	Yes	PICU	Platelets, CRP, PCT, full course of antibiotics, morbidity^c
Sankar, 2016 [73]	Yes	Yes	Yes	PIM2/PELOD	Yes	PICU	Fluid
Shah, 2016 [72]	Yes	Yes	No	PIM2	Yes	PICU	Severe sepsis, liver failure, ARDS, RRT
Total	13	14	14	15	12	12/3	Positive culture (n = 5), CRP (n = 6), sepsis/shock (n = 8)

Abbreviations: ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome, CRP C-reactive protein, ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, LOS Length of stay, MV Mechanical ventilation, PICU Pediatric intensive care unit, PELOD Pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score, PRISM III Pediatric Risk of Mortality, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, RRT Renal replacement therapy, PCT Procalcitonin
^aResponded to request for mortality data
^bComment only; data not shown
^cHad a composite morbidity outcome that included mortality, use of vasoactive agents for longer than 24 h, more than 7 days of antibiotics, need for parenteral nutrition, continuous renal replacement therapy

ISSN: 1364-8535