Table 3 Distribution of baseline variables and outcomes among patients with and without use of protocol based IICPM

 Age in years, median (IQR)

39 (23)

44 (24)

0.32

 Gender, female (%)

16 (67%)

8 (62%)

0.76

 Days from symptom onset to admission, median (IQR)

3 (6)

1 (2.5)

0.22

 GCS at time of assessment for ICPM, median (IQR)

3 (2)

9 (4.5)

0.002

 West Haven grade at time of assessment for ICPM, median (IQR)

4 (0)

3 (2)

0.019

 Etiology, acetaminophen toxicity (%)

14 (58%)

9 (69%)

0.72

 Ammonia in mcg/dL, median (IQR)

119 (86)

86 (88.5)

0.14

 Sodium in mmol/L, median (IQR)

142 (12)

140 (8)

0.95

 pH, median (IQR)

7.39 (0.20)

7.38 (0.34)

0.56

 INR prior to monitor placement, median (IQR)

3 (2)

2.8 (3)

0.79

 Platelet count in 10³ per microliter, median (IQR)

115 (130)

83 (93)

0.65

 Fibrinogen mg/dL, median (IQR)

175 (76)

203 (167)

0.46

 Acute renal failure (%)

19 (79%)

9 (69%)

0.69

 APACHE 2 score, median (IQR)

28 (10)

25 (9)

0.07

 Listed for LT (%)

6 (25%)

1 (8%)

0.38

 Liver transplantation performed (%)

4 (17%)

0 (0%)

0.28

 Diffuse sulcal effacement on CT (%) at time of initial assessment

6 (25%)

2 (15%)

0.69

 Basal cistern effacement on CT (%) at time of initial assessment

2 (8%)

2 (15%)

0.60

 Diffuse sulcal effacement on CT (%) at any time

14 (58%)

3 (23%)

0.08

 Basal cistern effacement on CT (%) at any time

5 (21%)

2 (15%)

1.00

 Intracranial pressure (mm Hg), first recorded following insertion, median (IQR)

13 (14)

N/A

 Intracranial pressure (mmHg), maximum recorded, median (IQR)

32 (28)

N/A

N/A

 Intracranial hypertension, sustained on ICPM (%)

13 (54%)

N/A

N/A

 Therapeutic intensity level, basic score, median (IQR)

2 (3)

1 (0.5)

0.002

 Intracranial hemorrhage (%)

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

1.00

 Thromboembolic events (%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1.00

 Brain death (%)

1 (4%)

2 (15%)

0.28

 Death from intracranial hypertension (%)

2 (8%)

2 (15%)

0.60

Dead or severely disabled (GOS <4) at discharge (%)

19 (79%)

11 (85%)

1.00

 Dead at discharge (%)

12 (50%)

6 (46%)

1.00

 Alive but severely disabled/vegetative at discharge (%)

7 (29%)

5 (38%)

0.72

Dead or severely disabled (GOS <4) at 6 months (%)

14/18 (78%)

6/8 (75%)

1.00

 Dead at 6 months (%)

12/18 (67%)

6/8 (75%)

1.00

 -Alive but severely disabled/vegetative at 6 months (%)

2/18 (11%)

0/8 (0%)

1.00