Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of the parent cohort (n = 2878)

N

2569

309

2878

Male gender

1390 (54)

178 (58)

1568 (54)

0.24

1.15 (0.91–1.46)

Nonwhite race

536 (21)

66 (21)

602 (21)

0.84

1.03 (0.77–1.37)

Age (years)

60.7 ± 18.0

67.0 ± 16.8

61.4 ± 18.0

<0.001*

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

Surgical patient type

1147 (45)

92 (30)

1239 (43)

<0.001

0.53 (0.41–0.68)

Deyo–Charlson Index

<0.001

 0

533 (21)

29 (9)

562 (20)

1.00 (Referent)

 1–2

628 (24)

54 (17)

682 (24)

1.58 (0.99–2.52)

 3–6

566 (22)

69 (22)

635 (22)

2.24 (1.43–3.51)

 ≥7

842 (33)

157 (51)

999 (35)

3.43 (2.27–5.17)

Sepsis

241 (9)

113 (37)

354 (12)

<0.001

Pneumonia

487 (19)

106 (34)

593 (21)

<0.001

2.23 (1.73–2.88)

Noncardiac acute respiratory failure

169 (7)

85 (28)

254 (9)

<0.001

5.39 (4.01–7.23)

Acute organ failure

<0.001

 0

843 (33)

5 (2)

848 (29)

1.00 (Referent)

 1

895 (35)

65 (21)

960 (33)

12.25 (4.91–30.56)

 2

508 (20)

73 (24)

581 (20)

24.23 (9.73–60.35)

 ≥3

323 (13)

166 (54)

489 (17)

86.65 (35.27–212.87)

Leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome

229 (9)

53 (17)

282 (10)

<0.001

2.12 (1.53–2.93)

Hematocrit

34.1 ± 7.0

30.9 ± 7.0

33.8 ± 7.1

<0.001*

0.94 (0.92–0.95)

Red cell distribution width

14.8 ± 2.2

16.9 ± 2.9

15.1 ± 2.4

<0.001*

1.32 (1.27–1.38)

Chronic kidney disease

800 (31)

175 (57)

975 (34)

<0.001

2.89 (2.27–3.67)

Acute Organ Failure score

10.0 ± 4.7

15.6 ± 5.0

10.6 ± 5.0

<0.001*

1.26 (1.23–1.30)

NRBCs

<0.001

 0

1867 (73)

101 (33)

1968 (68)

1.00 (Referent)

 1–99

487 (19)

83 (27)

570 (20)

3.15 (2.32–4.28)

 100–199

101 (4)

43 (14)

144 (5)

7.87 (5.23–11.85)

 ≥200

114 (4)

82 (27)

196 (7)

13.30 (9.39–18.82)

Mortality rate (%)

 Inhospital

309 (10.7)

 30-day

392 (13.6)

 90-day

509 (17.7)