Table 5 Selected toxicities of antineoplastic pharmacotherapy and antiangiogenetic pathomechanisms (according to [39, 40, 44, 45, 50])
Bevacizumab |
→ Arterial hypertension |
Decreased endothelial production of nitric oxide with consecutive vasoconstriction Cholesterol embolization syndrome |
→ Congestive heart failure |
Disruption of physiological coronary angiogenesis Impaired response to pressure overload |
→ Arterial thromboembolism |
Reduction of anti-inflammatory effects and atherosclerotic instability Impaired proliferation and repair of endothelial cells Endothelial cell dysfunction and exposure of subendothelial collagen Direct platelet activation Inhibition of collateral circulation |
Dasatinib |
→ Pulmonary hypertension |
Reduced hypoxic vasoconstriction Induction of pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis Induction of reactive oxygen species and consecutive endothelial dysfunction |
Dasatinib, nilotinib, ponatinib |
→ Cardiovascular events |
Metabolic effects: hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidemia Interaction with VEGF receptors Inhibition of KIT and PDGF receptor Inhibition of discoidin domain receptor 1 |