Table 1 Patient characteristics and outcomes

 Age, median (IQR)

65.5 (49–76)

61 (41–72)

69 (54–77)

0.006

 Male gender, n (%)

80 (58.0)

41 (63.1)

39 (53.4)

0.252

 IHD, n (%)

22 (15.9)

11 (16.9)

11 (15.1)

0.766

 Hypertension, n (%)

49 (35.5)

21 (32.3)

28 (38.4)

0.459

 Acute kidney injury

8 (5.8)

–

8 (11.0)

 Cardiac emergency

6 (4.3)

3 (4.6)

3 (4.1)

 Gastrointestinal emergency

13 (9.4)

8 (12.3)

5 (6.8)

 Liver failure

3 (2.1)

–

3 (4.1)

 Metabolic emergency

4 (2.9)

–

4 (5.5)

 Neurological emergency/overdose

13 (9.4)

12 (18.5)

1 (1.4)

 Post surgery

25 (18.1)

13 (20)

12 (16.4)

 Respiratory failure

27 (19.6)

17 (26.1)

10 (13.7)

 Sepsis

39 (28.3)

12 (18.5)

27 (37.0)

 APACHE II, mean (SD)

19.4 (6.3)

16.2 (5.1)

22.2 (5.9)

<0.001

 SOFA score, mean (SD)

7.5 (3.7)

6.0 (3.0)

8.9 (3.8)

<0.001

 Lactate (μmol/L), median (IQR)

1.7 (1.1–3.3)

1.4 (0.9–2.1)

1.9 (1.2–4.5)

0.005

 Bilirubin (μmol/L), median (IQR)

10 (7–19)

10 (6–14)

12 (7–30)

0.031

 Sepsis, n (%)

39 (28.3)

12 (18.5)

27 (37.0)

0.016

 Cumulative fluid balance (ml), median (IQR)

3196 (1606–5166)

2561 (1088–4023)

3730 (2316–5800)

0.002

 No AKI, n (%)

77 (55.8)

–

77 (55.8)

 Any stage of AKI, n (%)

  1

14 (10.1)

–

14 (10.1)

  2

14 (10.1)

–

14 (10.1)

  3 without RRT

5 (3.6)

–

5 (3.6)

  3 with RRT

28 (20.3)

–

28 (20.3)

 MI (in ICU), n (%)

20 (14.5)

9 (13.9)

11 (15.1)

0.839

 Maximum stage of AKI stage during stay in ICU, n (%)

  1

13 (9.4)

–

13 (9.4)

  2

12 (8.7)

–

12 (8.7)

  3 without RRT

8 (5.8)

–

8 (5.8)

  3 with RRT

40 (29.0)

–

40 (29.0)