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Table 4 Associations of HDL-C and LDL-C with sepsis rates stratified by statin use

From: Cholesterol levels and long-term rates of community-acquired sepsis

Variable

Total N

Sepsis events,

Sepsis incidence (per 1000 person-years),

Models for sepsis hazard

Unadjusted,

Adjusteda,

N (%)

IR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

Statin non-users

 HDL-C quartile

     

  Q1 (5–41 mg/dl)

5233

315 (6.0)

9.6 (8.6–10.7)

1.73 (1.43–2.09)

1.09 (0.88–1.36)

  Q2 (42–50 mg/dl)

4540

223 (4.9)

7.9 (6.9–9.0)

1.43 (1.16–1.76)

1.11 (0.89–1.37)

  Q3 (51–62 mg/dl)

4751

201 (4.2)

6.8 (5.9–7.8)

1.21 (0.98–1.49)

1.06 (0.86–1.31)

  Q4 (63–199 mg/dl)

4837

169 (3.5)

5.5 (4.8–6.4)

Reference

Reference

   

Trend p value

<0.001

0.44

 LDL-C quartile

     

  Q1 (3–99 mg/dl)

4816

278 (5.8)

9.4 (8.3–10.5)

1.54 (1.28–1.86)

1.32 (1.10–1.60)

  Q2 (100–120 mg/dl)

4810

231 (4.8)

7.6 (6.7–8.7)

1.29 (1.06–1.57)

1.19 (0.98–1.46)

  Q3 (121–143 mg/dl)

4842

212 (4.4)

6.9 (6.0–7.9)

1.13 (0.93–1.37)

1.11 (0.91–1.36)

  Q4 (144–388 mg/dl)

4619

169 (3.7)

5.8 (5.0–6.8)

Reference

Reference

   

Trend p value

<0.001

0.003

Statin users

 HDL-C quartile

     

  Q1 (11–39 mg/dl)

2304

170 (7.4)

11.8 (10.2–13.7)

1.37 (1.08–1.73)

0.89 (0.69–1.17)

  Q2 (40–47 mg/dl)

2274

134 (5.9)

9.6 (8.1–11.4)

1.11 (0.87–1.43)

0.87 (0.67–1.13)

  Q3 (48–57 mg/dl)

2163

119 (5.5)

8.8 (7.3–10.5)

1.03 (0.80–1.33)

0.93 (0.72–1.20)

  Q4 (58–156 mg/dl)

2178

119 (5.5)

8.7 (7.3–10.4)

Reference

Reference

   

Trend p value

0.006

0.39

 LDL-C quartile

  Q1 (11–76 mg/dl)

2210

175 (7.9)

13.1 (11.3–15.1)

2.00 (1.55–2.59)

1.50 (1.14–1.96)

  Q2 (77–93 mg/dl)

2304

142 (6.2)

9.9 (8.4–11.7)

1.55 (1.19–2.03)

1.36 (1.03–1.78)

  Q3 (94–111 mg/dl)

2091

127 (6.1)

9.6 (8.1–11.4)

1.49 (1.13–1.96)

1.38 (1.04–1.81)

  Q4 (112–315 mg/dl)

2191

81 (3.7)

5.9 (4.7–7.3)

Reference

Reference

   

Trend p value

<0.001

0.008

  1. Total of 29,690 REGARDS participants. HRs estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression and represent pooled estimates from multiple imputation
  2. p values represent tests for linear trends across quartiles
  3. aAdjusted for demographics, health behaviors, chronic medical conditions, biomarkers, and functional status measures. Demographics = age, gender, race, region, income, and education; health behaviors = smoking status and alcohol use; chronic medical conditions = cancer, chronic lung disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, stroke, and Morisky medication adherence index; biomarkers = hs-CRP, Cystatin C, ACR, and eGFR; functional status measures = weakness, exhaustion, and low physical activity
  4. HR hazard ratio, IR incidence rate, CI confidence interval, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ACR albumin–creatinine ratio, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
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