Outcomes and survival prediction models for severe adult acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Table 2 Survival predictive models for patients on VV-ECMO for ARDS

Score	Population	Number of patients	Number of centres	Cohort enrolment	Pre-ECMO items		Internal validation’s AUROC	External validation’s AUROC
ECMOnet score: Pappallardo et al. [53]	A(H1N1) influenza-related ARDS	60	14	Winter 2009	1. Pre-ECMO LOS 2. Bilirubin 3. Creatinine	4. Haematocrit level 5. Mean arterial pressure	0.86	0.69^a, 0.60^b
PRESERVE score: Schmidt et al. [6]	Severe ARDS	140	3	2008–2012	1. Age 2. Body mass index 3. Immunocompromised 4. SOFA score	5. Days of MV 6. Prone positioning 7. PEEP 8. Plateau pressure	0.89	0.68^b, 0.75^c
RESP score: Schmidt et al. [27]	Acute respiratory failure	2355	280	2000–2012	1. Age 2. Immunocompromised 3. Days of MV 4. Diagnosis 5. Central nervous system dysfunction 6. Acute associated (non-pulmonary) infection	7. Neuromuscular blockade agents 8. Nitric oxide use 9. Bicarbonate infusion 10. Cardiac arrest 11. PaCO₂ 12. Peak inspiratory pressure	0.74	0.92^d, 0.81^c
Roch et al. [28]	ARDS brought to a referral centre	85	1	2009–2013	1. Age 2. SOFA score 3. Influenza		0.80	No
Enger et al. [54]	ARDS	284	1	2008–2013	1. Age 2. Immunocompromised 3. Minute ventilation	4. Haemoglobin 5. Lactate	0.75	No
Liu et al. [55]	ARDS	38	1	2009–2014	1. Barotrauma^e 2. Underlying lung disease		–	–
VV-ECMO mortality score: Cheng et al. [56]	Severe ARDS	116	1	2007–2015	1. Immunocompromised 2. SOFA score 3. Days of MV		0.76	No

^aValidation in a cohort of 74 patients with A(H1N1) influenza-induced ARDS
^bValidation in the cohort of Enger et al. [54]
^cValidation in the cohort of Kleinzing et al. [60].
^dValidation in the PRESERVE cohort of Schmidt et al. [6]
^eBarotrauma prior to ECMO was defined as follows: pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumatoceles or subcutaneous emphysema
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, AUROC area under receiver operating characteristic curve, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, LOS length of stay, MV mechanical ventilation, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, RESP Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, VV venovenous

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