Table 1 Neonatal studies of the microcirculation using orthogonal polarization spectral, sidestream dark field or incident dark field imaging
From: The vulnerable microcirculation in the critically ill pediatric patient
Study | N | Age group | Technique/site | Disease | Intervention | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genzel-Boroviczény et al. 2002 [47] | 37 | Preterm/term | OPS/skin | - | - | Feasibility study; RBC velocity increases in preterm infants, correlated with a decrease in Hb |
Genzel-Boroviczény et al. 2004 [61] | 13 | Preterm | OPS/skin | Anemia | RBC transfusion | FCD improves at least 24 h |
Kroth et al. 2008 [62] | 25 | Preterm | OPS/skin | - | - | FCD decreases in first 4Â weeks of life, correlated with Hb levels and incubator temperature |
Top et al. 2009 [70] | 14 | 0–18 days | OPS/buccal | Respiratory failure | - | FCD is decreased compared with non-ventilated controls, VA-ECMO improves FCD |
Weidlich et al. 2009 [87] | 25 | Preterm | OPS/skin | Infection | - | FCD decreases 1Â day before clinical signs of infection |
Hiedl et al. 2010 [81] | 25 | Preterm | SDF/skin | PDA | PDA closure | Reduces FCD with PDA, recovery of FCD after closure of PDA |
Ergenekon et al. 2011 [63] | 15 | Term | SDF/skin | Polycythemia | PET | PET improves FCD |
D’Souza et al. 2011 [111] | 115 | Preterm/term | OPS/skin | LBW | - | FCD is increased in LBW compared with normal birth weight infants |
Top et al. 2012 [73] | 21 | Term | OPS/buccal | Respiratory failure | VA-ECMO | FCD is maintained but not immediately improved following initiation of VA-ECMO |
Ergenekon et al. 2013 [112] | 14 | Term | SDF/skin | Asphyxia | TH | Flow is impaired compared with controls, flow improves after re-warming |
Alba-Alejandre et al. 2013 [113] | 47 | Term | OPS/skin | Infection | Â | Flow is decreased during infection, no difference in FCD |
Schwepcke et al. 2013 [114] | 21 | Preterm | SDF/skin | Hypotension | Â | FCD is increased in hypotensive neonates 6Â h after birth; it subsequently normalized to normotensive control levels |
Raghuraman et al. 2013 [115] | 141 | Preterm/term | OPS/skin | - | - | FCD is increased in twins compared with singletons, low birth weight was associated with lower FCD |
Buijs et al. 2014 [74] | 56 | Term | SDF/buccal | CDH | - | Loss of hemodynamic coherence; severely impaired MC after dopamine predicts need for the addition of (nor)epinephrine |
Van den Berg et al. 2014 [116] | 28 | Term | SDF | - | - | Buccal measurements of vessel density are reproducible, cutaneous are not reproducible |
Van Elteren et al. 2015 [68] | 20 | Preterm | SDF/IDF | - | - | IDF is superior compared with SDF in vessel visualization, visualization of perfusion, and image quality score |