Table 5 Associations between each cytokine measured in cerebrospinal fluid and time to development of acute respiratory distress syndrome from Cox regression analysis in erythropoietin study subjects with traumatic brain injury (unadjusted and adjusted analyses)

From: Plasma cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

		Unadjusted			Adjusted model
	Number	HR	95 % CI	P value	HR	95 % CI	P value
IL-12p70	173	1.36	0.94, 1.95	0.10	1.52	1.04, 2.21	0.03
TT10					1.12	0.62, 2.04	0.69
Pre-hospital hypoxia					1.38	0.68, 2.79	0.38
Male sex					8.69	1.17, 64.53	0.03
ER sum GCS					0.90	0.79, 1.03	0.11
ISS					1.04	1.00, 1.07	0.04
TNF-α	174	1.22	0.83, 1.80	0.32	1.43	0.97, 2.14	0.08
TT10					1.08	0.60, 1.95	0.80
Pre-hospital hypoxia					1.27	0.63, 2.58	0.51
Male sex					10.40	1.38, 78.61	0.02
ER sum GCS					0.86	0.75, 0.99	0.03
ISS					1.04	1.01, 1.08	0.02
IL-10	174	1.27	0.99, 1.64	0.06	1.33	1.00, 1.76	0.05
TT10					1.27	0.69, 2.35	0.43
Pre-hospital hypoxia					1.57	0.64, 0.79	0.20
Male sex					6.98	0.95, 51.31	0.06
ER sum GCS					0.87	0.76, 0.99	0.04
ISS					1.02	0.99, 1.05	0.18
IL-.6	174	1.09	0.97, 1.21	0.14	1.06	0.95, 1.19	0.28
TT10					1.06	0.59, 1.92	0.83
Pre-hospital hypoxia					1.41	0.70, 2.82	0.33
Male sex					7.60	1.04, 55.59	0.05*
ER sum GCS					0.91	0.81, 1.03	0.15
ISS					1.02	0.99, 1.06	0.14
IL-1β	174	1.05	0.77, 1.43	0.76	1.11	0.80, 1.54	0.54
TT10					0.91	0.60, 2.01	0.76
Pre-hospital hypoxia					1.30	0.64, 2.65	0.47
Male sex					9.25	1.24, 69.18	0.03
ER sum GCS					0.88	0.78, 1.01	0.06
ISS					1.04	1.00, 1.08	0.14
IL-8	173	1.02	0.92, 1.13	0.70	1.01	0.92, 1.12	0.81
TT10					1.11	0.61, 2.01	0.73
Pre-hospital hypoxia					1.42	0.70, 2.88	0.32
Male sex					7.68	1.05, 56.22	0.04
ER sum GCS					0.92	0.81, 1.04	0.19
ISS					1.03	0.99, 1.06	0.11
NOx	172	2.11	0.89, 0.502	.09	1.66	0.70, 3.97	0.25
TT10					1.17	0.64, 2.13	0.61
Pre-hospital hypoxia					1.39	0.67, 2.88	0.37
Male sex					6.76	0.91, 49.9	0.06
ER sum GCS					0.89	0.78, 1.02	0.09
ISS					1.02	0.99, 1.06	0.14

Variables considered for adjustment included age, injury severity score (ISS), enrollment sum Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), unreactive pupils, emergency room (ER) computed tomography indicating high risk, pre-hospital hypotension, pre-hospital hypoxia, intubated in the ER, transfusion threshold, and each baseline cytokine level. Cytokine level, transfusion threshold, pre-hospital hypoxia, ER sum GCS, sex, and ISS were forced into the adjusted model. HR hazard ratio, IL-12p70 interleukin-12 p70, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-10 interleukin-10, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-1β interleukin-1 beta, IL-8 interleukin-8, NOx nitric oxide, TT10 transfusion threshold <10 g/dL

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