Table 1 Summary of recently published and ongoing randomized clinical trials evaluating optimal timing of initiation of RRT in ICU settings

Country

Canada

Germany

France

France

Multiple

Number of sites

12

1

31

24

>60

Number of participants

100

231

620

864^a

2866^a

Setting/population

Mixed medical/surgical ICU

Mixed medical/surgical ICU (94.8 % surgical)

Mixed medical/surgical ICU (79.7 % medical)

Mixed medical/surgical ICU

(septic shock)

Mixed medical/surgical ICU

ARR for sample size calculation

N/A

18 %

15 %

10 %

6 %

Control group mortality

N/A

55 %

55 %

55 %

40 %

Interventions

 Early

Two of: (i) 2× increase in SCr from baseline; (ii) UOP < 6 ml/kg in preceding 12 hours; (iii) blood NGAL ≥ 400 ng/ml (within 12 hours)

KDIGO stage 2 (within 8 hours)

KDIGO stage 3

(within 6 hours)

KDIGO stage 3^b

(within 12 hours)

KDIGO stage 2

(within 12 hours)

 Delayed (conservative)

Specific criteria/emergent indications (beyond 12 hours)

KDIGO stage 3

(within 12 hours)

Specific criteria/emergent indications

Specific criteria 48–60 hours after eligibility or emergent indications

Specific criteria/emergent indications (beyond 12 hours)

Time difference

41.6 hours^c

25.5 hours

57.0 hours

N/A

N/A

Received RRT in delayed intervention

75.0 %

90.8 %

51.0 %

N/A

N/A

RRT modality

Physician discretion

CRRT

Physician discretion

(initial IHD 55 %)

Physician discretion

Physician discretion

Sepsis (%)

56 %

N/A

67 %

N/A

N/A

SOFA score of enrolled patients

~13.0

~16.0

~10.9

N/A

N/A

Mechanical ventilation (%)

93 %

88 %

87 %

N/A

N/A

Vasopressors (%)

85 %

88 %

85 %

N/A

N/A

Primary endpoint

90-day mortality

90-day mortality

60-day mortality

90-day mortality

90-day mortality

 Early

38 %

39.3 %

48.5 %

N/A

N/A

 Delayed

37 %

54.7 %

49.7 %

N/A

N/A