Table 1 Patient characteristics

Age, years

64 (55–73)

66 (54– 78)

63 (54–72)

0.93

Male sex, n (%)

32 (59)

8 (53)

23 (59)

0.73

Comorbidities, n (%)

 COPD

8 (15)

3 (20)

5 (13)

0.67

 Diabetes mellitus

8 (15)

2 (13)

6 (15)

1.0

 Hypertension

23 (42)

7 (47)

16 (41)

0.76

 Heart failure

8 (15)

5 (33)

3 (8)

0.03

 Cancer

11 (20)

4 (27)

7 (18)

0.47

Nephrotoxic agents

 NSAIDs

1 (2)

0 (0)

1 (3)

1.0

 ACE inhibitors

2 (4)

0 (0)

2 (5)

1.0

 Aminoglycosides

9 (17)

2 (13)

7 (18)

1.0

 Contrast media

12 (22)

16 (23)

9 (23)

1.0

Organ failure

 Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

33 (42)

10 (67)

23 (59)

0.77

 SAPS II score

39 (30–48)

38 (25–51)

39 (30–48)

0.92

 Norepinephrine, n (%)

17 (31)

6 (40)

11 (28)

0.52

 Lactate, mmol/L

1.8 (1.3–2.3)

1.9 (0.9–2.8)

1.7 (1.3–2.2)

0.39

 Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L

12 (8–17)

11 (7–15)

13 (8–18)

0.93

 Serum creatinine, μmol/L

90 (56–124)

117 (81–153)

74 (49–99)

0.22

 Bilirubin, mg/L

7 (1–14)

9 (5–13)

7 (1–13)

1.00

 Bicarbonate, mmol/L

25 (22–28)

21 (17–25)

26 (23–29)

0.06

 Platelet count, 10³/L

346 (201–491)

207 (95–319)

358 (215–501)

1.00

 Hemoglobin, g/dl

9.4 (8.1–10.7)

10.4 (8.4–12.4)

9.1 (8.1–10.1)

0.54

 Glucose, mmol/L

7.9 (7.0–8.8)

7.9 (7.1–8.6)

8.0 (6.9–9.1)

0.73

Reason for ICU admission

 Sepsis

14 (26)

2 (13)

12 (31)

0.3

 Neuro-ICU

5 (9)

2 (13)

3 (8)

0.61

 Respiratory failure

13 (24)

1 (7)

12 (31)

0.08

 Trauma/hemorrhage

7 (13)

2 (13)

5 (13)

1.0

 Cardiogenic shock

1 (2)

0 (0)

1 (3)

1.0

 Post-cardiac arrest

4 (7)

2 (13)

2 (5)

0.3

Hemodynamic status

 SAP, mmHg

134 (118–150)

112 (104–120)

138 (126–150)

0.92

 MAP, mmHg

81 (71–91)

74 (67–81)

87 (79–95)

0.07

 HR, beats/minute

98 (85–111)

98 (82–114)

96 (81–111)

0.14

 CO, L/minute

5.3 (2.8–7.8)

4.9 (1.7–8.1)

5.6 (3.3–7.9)

0.07

 ScvO₂, %

75 (62–88)

66 (54–78)

85 (75–95)

0.01

 CVP, mmHg

8 (6–10)

8 (7–9)

7 (4–10)

0.58