Table 2 Comparison of survivors and non-survivors with diabetic ketoacidosis
Label | Alive | Died | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 8430 | n = 123 | ||
“I” diabetes | 73 % (6142) | 54 % (67) | <0.0001 |
Age (years) | 38.56 (18.13) | 64.14 (16.93) | <0.0001 |
APACHE II score | 44.31 (23.17) | 94.5 (34.95) | <0.0001 |
Weight (kg) | 71.23 (20.04) | 71.33 (20) | 0.99 |
Chronic respiratory disease | 1 % (118) | 11 % (13) | <0.0001 |
Chronic cardiovascular disease | 3 % (257) | 15 % (18) | <0.0001 |
Chronic liver disease | 1 % (62) | 3 % (4) | 0.002 |
Chronic renal failure | 3 % (217) | 10 % (12) | <0.0001 |
Immune disease | 1 % (53) | 2 % (3) | 0.013 |
Immunosuppressed by therapy | 1 % (97) | 5 % (6) | 0.0002 |
Metastases | 1 % (44) | 7 % (8) | <0.0001 |
Leukaemia | 0.2 % (15) | 2.4 % (3) | <0.0001 |
Cardiac arrest in the previous 24 hours | 1 % (41) | 9 % (10) | <0.0001 |
ICU admission source: operating theatre | 1 % (48) | 1 % (1) | 0.72 |
ICU admission source: emergency | 87 % (7361) | 82 % (101) | 0.09 |
ICU admission source: ward | 4 % (307) | 11 % (14) | <0.0001 |
Physiological derangement | |||
Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 88.32 (23.22) | 77.13 (28.88) | <0.0001 |
Mechanical ventilation in first 24 hours | 6 % (537) | 42 % (52) | <0.0001 |
Glasgow Coma Score | 14.16 (2.14) | 10.13 (4.56) | <0.0001 |
Acute renal failure | 5 % (419) | 28 % (35) | <0.0001 |
24 hour urine output (mL) | 2540 (1600–3800) | 1335 (515–1953) | <0.0001 |
Laboratory derangements | |||
Arterial pH | 7.22 (0.16) | 7.18 (0.2) | 0.004 |
Arterial PCO2 (mmHg) | 29.67 (11.16) | 34.36 (11.19) | <0.0001 |
Bicarbonate (mmol/l) | 14.28 (7.01) | 16.07 (7.4) | 0.006 |
Standard base excess (mEq/L) | −13.83 (8.74) | –13.2 (8.69) | 0.46 |
PaO2 (mmHg) | 114.46 (67) | 134.47 (96.1) | 0.003 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 138 (135–142) | 142 (136–147) | <0.0001 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.37 (1.07) | 4.75 (1.23) | 0.0001 |
Urea (mmol/L) | 6.9 (4.3–12.1) | 17.3 (11.9–25.55) | <0.0001 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 93 (57–140) | 191 (120–267) | <0.0001 |
Albumin (mmol/L) | 31.0 (6.76) | 26.1 (7.08) | <0.0001 |
Bilirubin (mmol/L) | 8 (5–14) | 11 (6–19) | 0.02 |
Highest glucose (mmol/L) | 23.6 (13.31) | 32.3 (18.73) | <0.0001 |
Lowest glucose (mmol/L) | 7.4 (5.3–10.3) | 9.6 (6.1–15.3) | <0.0001 |
Haematocrit | 0.38 (0.08) | 0.34 (0.09) | <0.0001 |
White cell count | 14.6 (10.2–20.6) | 16.8 (11.5–22.5) | 0.04 |
Length of stay outcomes | |||
ICU length of stay (hours) | 42.8 (24.7–66.8) | 66.1 (31.3–156.2) | <0.0001 |
Hospital length of stay (days) | 4.01 (2.58–7.41) | 5.75 (2.04–14.86) | 0.022 |