Table 4 Etiologic diagnosis of pneumonia

 Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

39 (18)

14 (34)

0.037

 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

18 (8)

3 (7)

0.94

Streptococcus pneumoniae

10 (5)

3 (7)

0.75

Klebsiella spp.

14 (7)

9 (22)

0.005

Escherichia coli

9 (4)

10 (24)

<0.001

Proteus spp.

3 (1)

3 (7)

0.087

Enterobacter spp.

9 (4)

6 (15)

0.025

Citrobacter spp.

2 (1)

3 (7)

0.039

Serratia spp.

9 (4)

6 (15)

0.025

Morganella morganii

1 (0.5)

1 (2.4)

0.73

Haemophilus influenza

6 (3)

5 (12)

0.023

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

12 (6)

4 (10)

0.51

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

74 (34)

12 (29)

0.65

Acinetobacter spp.

0

1 (2.4)

0.38

Moraxella catarrhalis

2 (0.9)

1 (2.4)

0.98

Fusobacterium spp.

0

1 (2.4)

0.38

Bacteroides fragilis

1 (0.5)

0

0.36

Aspergillus spp.

6 (3)

2 (5)

0.84

Bacteremia

18 (8)

5 (12)

0.63

Patients with drug-resistant pathogens:

0.61

 MDR pathogens

38 (18)

9 (22)

 XDR pathogens

19 (9)

2 (5)

 Methicillin-resistant S. aureus

18

3

 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli

12

1

Enterobacteriaceae

8

7

 Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli

18

2

Enterobacteriaceae

1

0

 Persistence of 2 pathogens from day 1

-

5 (12)

 Persistence of 1 pathogen from day 1

74 (34)

13 (32)

 Persistence + new pathogen isolated

12 (6)

0 (0)

 Eradication but new pathogen isolated

12 (6)

1 (2)

 Eradication of initial pathogen

71 (33)

14 (34)

 Microbiologic evaluation on day 3 not done

46 (21)

8 (20)