Olasveengen et al., 2009 [11]
|
Retrospective analysis of registry data
|
2003–2008, contemporaneous, urban, same city, same dispatch criteria
|
232
|
741
|
79/232, 34.0 %
|
242/741, 32.7 %
|
With ROSC 66/232, 28.4 %; with ongoing CPR 22/232, 9.5 %; all hospital 88/232, 37.9 %
|
With ROSC 195/741, 26.3 %; with ongoing CPR 98/741, 13.2 %; all hospital 293/741, 39.5 %
|
31/232; 13.4 %
|
78/741, 10.5 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Yen et al., 2006 [14]
|
Prospective, observational multicenter study
|
1999–2000, contemporaneous, urban, same city, same dispatch criteria
|
115
|
43
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
17/115, 14.8 %
|
16/43, 37.2 %
|
3/115, 2.6 %
|
4/43, 9.3 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Oshige et al., 2005 [15]
|
Prospective, observational study
|
2003, contemporaneous, different urban and rural areas: four areas with physician-manned ambulances compared with four areas with paramedic-staffed ambulances, same dispatch criteria
|
120
|
222
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
49/120, 40.8 %
|
52/222, 23.4 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
13/120; 10.8 %
|
10/222; 4.5 %
|
Fischer et al., 2003 [4]
|
Prospective, observational study
|
1997, contemporaneous, two different cities (city of Bonn, Germany: physician-manned ambulance vs. city of Birmingham, UK: paramedic-staffed ambulances)
|
918
|
3380
|
415/918, 45.2 %
|
554/3380, 16.4 %
|
371/918, 40.4 %
|
362/3380, 10.7 %
|
135/918, 14.7 %
|
135/3380, 4.0 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Soo et al., 1999 [16]
|
Retrospective observational study
|
1991–1994, contemporaneous, same area
|
70
|
551
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
17/70, 24.3 %
|
86/551, 15.6 %
|
11/70, 15.7 %
|
32/551, 5.8 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Kojima et al., 2010 [7]
|
Prospective, observational study
|
2005–2008, contemporaneous, propensity score-matched analysis
|
2072
|
2072
|
555/2072, 26.8 %
|
249/2072, 12.0 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
336/2072, 16.2 %
|
227/2072, 11.0 %
|
Eisenburger et al., 2001 [12]
|
Descriptive observational study with prospective data collection
|
1991–1998, contemporaneous, same rural area
|
105
|
13
|
47/105, 44.8 %
|
7/13, 53.8 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
23/105, 21.9 %
|
3/13, 23.1 %
|
1-year survival: 20/105, 19.0 %
|
1-year survival: 1/13, 7.7 %
|
Dickenson et al., 1997 [13]
|
Retrospective case review
|
1994, contemporaneous, same suburban area
|
9
|
40
|
6/9, 66.7 %
|
12/40, 30.0 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
4/9, 44.4 %
|
2/40, 5.0 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Hagihara et al., 2014 [10]
|
Prospective, registry study
|
2005–2010, contemporaneous, nationwide in Japan, physician not dispatched to the scene but happened to be present during rescue mission for training of the ambulance crew or occasionally when the patient collapsed
|
9231
|
9231
|
2774/9231, 30.1 %
|
1661/9231, 18.0 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
1441/9231, 15.6 %
|
1169/9231, 12.7 %
|
Yasunaga et al., 2010 [17]
|
Prospective, registry study
|
2005-2007, contemporaneous, nationwide in Japan, in several regions a physician-staffed ambulance is available
|
without BCPR 1597; with BCPR 1916
|
without BCPR 53,482; with BCPR 38,077
|
Not reported not reported
|
Not reported not reported
|
Not reported not reported
|
Not reported not reported
|
Not reported not reported
|
Not reported not reported
|
Without BCPR 185/1597, 11.6 %; with BCPR 287/1916, 15.0 %; all patients: 472/3513, 13.4 %
|
Without BCPR 3608/53,482, 6.7 %; with BCPR 3642/38,077, 9.6 %; all patients: 7250/91559, 7.9 %
|
Hampton et al., 1977 [18]
|
Prospective, interventional study
|
probably 1975–1976, contemporaneous, same urban area
|
19
|
46
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
9/19, 47.4 %
|
8/46, 17.4 %
|
3/19, 15.8 %
|
2/46, 4.3 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Mitchell et al., 1997 [19]
|
Prospective, observational study
|
one calendar year in the middle of the nineties, contemporaneous, 2 different urban areas (Edinburgh, UK: physician-based vs. Milwaukee, USA: paramedic-based)
|
306
|
732
|
116/306, 37.7 %
|
225/732, 31.1 %
|
78/306, 25.5 %
|
159/732, 21.7 %
|
38/306, 12.4 %
|
52/732, 7.2 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Frandsen et al., 1991 [20]
|
Prospective, interventional study
|
paramedic: 1986–1989, physician: 1988, partly contemporaneous, same urban and rural area
|
85
|
308
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
14/85, 16.5 %
|
31/308, 10.1 %
|
11/85, 12.9 %
|
10/308, 3.2 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Fischer et al., 2011 [5]
|
Prospective, observational study
|
2001-2004, physician-staffed: urban (Bonn, Germany) and rural (Cantabria, Spain), paramedic-based: urban (Coventry, UK and Richmond, USA)
|
263
|
833
|
89/263, 33.8 %
|
214/833, 25.7 %
|
84/263, 31.9 %
|
110/833, 13.2 %
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|
Not reported
|