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Table 3 Predictive values of admission serum GFAP and clinical variables for death and unfavorable outcome at 6 months of injury

From: Glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker in severe traumatic brain injury patients: a prospective cohort study

 

Death (GOS = 1)

Unfavorable outcome (GOS = 1–3)

Variable

Cutoff

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

AUC (95 % CI)

Cutoff

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

AUC (95 % CI)

GFAP (ng/ml)

1.690

84.6

69.2

64.7

87.1

0.761 (0.606, 0.917)

1.559

85.3

77.4

80.6

82.8

0.823 (0.700, 0.947)

Age (years)

44.5

44.4

82.5

63.2

68.8

0.592 (0.503, 0.681)

39.5

45.7

65.6

59.3

52.5

0.617 (0.482, 0.751)

GCS score

4.5

90.0

48.1

72.0

76.5

0.742 (0.616, 0.868)

5.5

81.3

54.3

61.9

76.0

0.751 (0.620, 0.862)

Pupil reactions

Absent

70.0

63.0

73.7

58.6

0.665 (0.530, 0.800)

Absent

78.1

62.9

65.8

75.9

0.705 (0.578, 0.832)

  1. The (optimal) cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve under the condition of equal costs of misclassification of cases and non-cases; i.e., the sum of the sensitivity and the specificity to predict the chosen outcome category was maximal
  2. GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, GOS Glasgow Outcome Scale, PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, AUC area under the curve, CI confidence interval, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale
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Critical Care

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