Table 2 Parameters of patients with and without stress hyperglycaemia

Baseline characteristics

 Sex

 Men

53 (57.6 %)

170 (69.1 %)

0.053/NS

 Women

39 (42.4 %)

76 (30.9 %)

 Age, years

56 (18–82)

62 (20–88)

0.005

 Weight, kg

74 ± 15

78 ± 15

0.027

 Body mass index, kg/m²

25 (16–41)

26 (17–41)

0.006

 Waist, cm

93 (66–128)

96 (66–133)

0.030

Reason for admission

 Medical

52 (56.5.4 %)

65 (26.4 %)

<0.001

 Surgical

40 (43.5 %)

181 (73.6 %)

Primarily involved organ system

 Cardiovascular

30 (32.6 %)

149 (60.6 %)

<0.001

 Respiratory

22 (23.9 %)

44 (27.9 %)

NS

 Digestive

7 (7.6 %)

15 (6.1 %)

NS

 Renal

0 (0.0 %)

7 (2.8 %)

NS

 Hepatic

5 (5.4 %)

6 (2.4 %)

NS

 Haematologic

1 (1.1 %)

1 (0.4 %)

NS

 Neurologic

32 (34.8 %)

40 (16.3 %)

0.001

Disease severity

 Simplified acute physiology score III

41 (16–76)

42 (18–90)

NS

 SOFA score on admission

5 (2–16)

8 (1–19)

<0.001

 Maximum SOFA score during admission

6 (2–16)

8 (2–20)

<0.001

 Vasopressor/inotropic therapy

18 (19.6 %)

181 (73.6 %)

<0.001

 Corticosteroid therapy

11 (12.0 %)

36 (14.6 %)

NS

 Mechanical ventilation

20 (21.7 %)

187 (76.0 %)

<0.001

 Length of stay in the ICU, hours

82 (39–1075)

99 (37–503)

<0.001

 Length of stay in hospital, days

14 (2–163)

3 (3–115)

NS

Metabolic parameters

 Mean glycaemia, day 1, mg/dl

121 (87–217)

134 (86–232)

<0.001

 SD glycaemia, day 1

13 (1–99)

26 (5–168)

<0.001

 Maximum glycaemia, day 1, mg/dl

137 (87–348)

176 (91–600)

<0.001

 Number of patients with hypoglycaemic event, day 1

1 (1.1 %)

17 (6.9 %)

NS

 HbA1c on admission, (%)

5.4 (4.7–5.9)

5.5 (4.9–6.6)

0.004

 HbA1c on admission, mmol/mol

36 (28–41)

37 (30–49)

 Total parental nutrition

15 (6.8 %)

1 (0.8 %)

0.013

 Caloric intake, kcal/day

214 (29–2048)

206 (0–2127)

NS

ICU exit parameters

 C-reactive protein, last day, mg/l

5.4 (0.0-30.0)

7.1 (0.0-29.0)

0.025

 Lactate, last day, mmol/l

1.0 (0.4-79.0)

1.5 (0.4-21.2)

<0.001

 Mean glucose last day, mg/dl

111 (87–217)

119 (82–209)

<0.001

 Maximum glucose, last day, mg/dl

127 (94–296)

148 (91–636)

<0.001

 FINDRISC score

9.0 (0–21)

10.0 (0–21)

0.001

 FINDRISC score ≥14

11 (12.6 %)

52 (21.7 %)

NS

HbA1c upon OGTT (%) (mmol/mol)

5.4 (4.3-8.4)

5.5 (4.8-6.7)

0.001

HbA1c upon OGTT, mmol/mol

35 (24–68)

37 (29–50)

HbA1c ≥6.5 % upon OGTT

2 (2.2 %)

3 (1.2 %)

NS