Table 1 Baseline patient, operative characteristics
From: Microvascular reactivity and clinical outcomes in cardiac surgery
All patients | Patients with composite complications | Patients without composite complications | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 232) | (n = 81) | (n = 151) | ||
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Age, years | 63 (13) | 66 (11) | 61 (13) | 0.012 |
Male sex | 152 (65.5 %) | 53 (65.4 %) | 99 (65.6 %) | 0.984 |
Height, cm | 163 (9) | 163 (10) | 163 (8) | 0.996 |
Weight, kg | 61 (10) | 60 (12) | 62 (10) | 0.132 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.0 (3.3) | 22.5 (4.0) | 23.3 (2.8) | 0.121 |
Current smokers | 42 (18.1 %) | 12 (14.8 %) | 30 (19.9 %) | 0.341 |
Coexisting conditions | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 61 (26.3 %) | 22 (27.2 %) | 39 (25.8 %) | 0.826 |
Hypertension | 108 (46.6 %) | 40 (49.4 %) | 68 (45.0 %) | 0.527 |
Stroke | 23 (9.9 %) | 8 (9.9 %) | 15 (9.9 %) | 0.989 |
Dyslipidemia | 66 (28.4 %) | 26 (32.1 %) | 40 (26.5 %) | 0.523 |
Angina | 28 (12.1 %) | 7 (8.6 %) | 21 (13.9 %) | 0.241 |
Myocardiac infarction | 8 (3.4 %) | 4 (4.9 %) | 4 (2.6 %) | 0.362 |
Congestive heart failure | 19 (8.2 %) | 11 (13.6 %) | 8 (5.3 %) | 0.028 |
Liver disease | 5 (2.2 %) | 2 (2.5 %) | 3 (2.0 %) | 0.809 |
Chronic kidney disease | 14 (6.1 %) | 10 (12.5 %) | 4 (2.6 %) | 0.003 |
EuroSCORE II | 1.2 (0.8–2.1) | 1.7 (1.1–3.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.7) | <0.001 |
Left ventricle ejection fraction, % | 59 (54–64) | 58 (55–64) | 59 (54–54) | 0.617 |
Preoperative drug therapy | ||||
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor | 50 (21.6 %) | 17 (21.0 %) | 33 (21.9 %) | 0.5878 |
Beta-blocker | 71 (31.0 %) | 29 (36.3 %) | 42 (28.2 %) | 0.209 |
Calcium channel blocker | 69 (29.7 %) | 19 (23.5 %) | 50 (33.1 %) | 0.125 |
Aspirin | 111 (47.8 %) | 39 (48.1 %) | 72 (47.7 %) | 0.946 |
Insulin | 19 (8.2 %) | 8 (9.9 %) | 11 (7.3 %) | 0.493 |
Intraoperative confounders | ||||
Duration of surgery, min | 402.3 (112.6) | 444.9 (125.7) | 379.5 (97.9) | <0.001 |
Duration of CPB, mina | 213.3 (88.5) | 251.6 (93.1) | 181.3 (70.3) | <0.001 |
Crystalloids, ml/kg | 14.0 (8.3 - 22.1) | 14.9 (10.4 - 23.6) | 13.3 (7.3 - 21.6) | 0.259 |
Colloids, ml/kg | 11.6 (1.6 - 17.9) | 13.6 (0.0 - 19.8) | 10.5 (5.6 - 16.1) | 0.320 |
Packed red blood cell transfusion, units | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–5) | 1 (0–3) | 0.053 |
Type of procedure | ||||
Valve | 103 (44.4 %) | 55 (67.9 %) | 48 (31.8 %) | <0.001 |
CABG | 96 (41.4 %) | 17 (21.0 %) | 79 (52.3 %) | <0.001 |
Valve + CABG | 8 (3.4 %) | 5 (6.2 %) | 3 (2.0 %) | 0.096 |
Aortic valve | 47 (20.3 %) | 20 (24.7 %) | 27 (17.9 %) | 0.219 |
Mitral valve | 24 (10.3 %) | 15 (18.5 %) | 9 (6.0 %) | 0.003 |
Other valves | 2 (0.9 %) | 0 (0 %) | 2 (1.3 %) | 0.298 |
Multivalves | 22 (9.5 %) | 15 (18.5 %) | 7 (4.6 %) | 0.001 |
OPCAB | 88 (37.9 %) | 12 (14.8 %) | 76 (50.3 %) | <0.001 |
Aorta surgery | 10 (4.3 %) | 6 (7.4 %) | 4 (2.6 %) | 0.089 |
Other procedures | 31 (13.4 %) | 8 (9.9 %) | 23 (15.2 %) | 0.253 |
Reoperation | 32 (13.8 %) | 22 (26.2 %) | 10 (6.8 %) | <0.001 |