Fig. 1

Effects of anti-high mobility group box 1 (anti-HMGB1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment on survival, viral load and HMGB1 level after H1N1 inoculation. a Survival rate: 8 mice (53.3 %) in the control group (n = 15 mice, broken line) died between days 10 and 15. In the anti-HMGB1 mAb group (n = 15 mice, solid line), one (6.7 %) died on day 15; **p <0.01 vs control group by log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. b. Viral load in the lung. Data represent the mean (± SEM) of 5 to 10 mice. There were no significant differences in viral load at any time point examined. HMGB1 levels in serum (c) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (d). Dotted line indicates the normal basal level. Data represent the mean (± SEM) of 5 to 10 mice; *p <0.05 and **p <0.01 vs control by Mann–Whitney U test