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Table 1 Characteristics of healthy subjects in the baseline night of simulated ICU noise and light (Baseline NL)

From: Effect of oral melatonin and wearing earplugs and eye masks on nocturnal sleep in healthy subjects in a simulated intensive care unit environment: which might be a more promising strategy for ICU sleep deprivation?

Variable

NI

NIP

NLEE

NLM

P

Age

42.8 ± 11.8

39.7 ± 11.6

40.1 ± 12.7

42.0 ± 12.8

0.930

Gender (percent female)

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.849

Time in bed (min)

520.6 ± 17.0

509.1 ± 16.4

511.8 ± 17.8

510.9 ± 26.6

0.580

Total sleep time (min)

349.2 ± 28.4

354.0 ± 22.6

354.2 ± 20.7

348.6 ± 22.0

0.922

Sleep efficiency index

0.69 ± 0.08

0.75 ± 0.08

0.72 ± 0.07

0.75 ± 0.05

0.164

REM (%)

16.6 ± 3.6

16.5± 6.3

18.5 ± 3.5

19.3 ± 4.1

0439

N1 (%)

17.7 ± 3.9

18.8 ± 3.3

19.6 ± 2.3

19.6 ± 3.2

0.530

N2 (%)

47.9 ± 6.3

47.5 ± 7.1

46.2 ± 1.6

43.6 ± 3.4

0.259

N3 (%)

15.8 ± 3.5

17.2 ± 4.9

15.7 ± 2.8

17.5 ± 3.5

0.620

Sleep onset latency (min)

58.4 ± 15.5

54.3 ± 15.3

53.2 ± 16.9

46.9 ± 11.0

0392

REM latency (min)

166.6 ± 38.8

140.4 ± 29.3

159.5 ± 30.0

154.4 ± 37.5

0381

No. of awakenings

14.4 ± 3.3

14.4 ± 3.1

13.5 ± 2.8

13.8 ± 3.0

0.885

Sleep arousals index

8.7 ± 3.3

8.4 ± 2.4

8.2 ± 1.3

8.4 ± 2.1

0.981

State anxiety

46.0 ± 8.8

45.2 ± 7.7

44.4 ± 5.9

45.0 ± 5.9

0.968

Sleep quality

6.1 ± 1.0

5.9 ± 1.0

6.1 ± 1.3

6.2 ± 1.4

0.952

  1. NL: simulated ICU noise and light; NLP: NL plus placebo; NLM: NL plus melatonin; NLEE: NL plus use of earplugs and eye masks.