Table 4 Patient traits for chemoprophylaxis studies that excluded those with early increased intracranial hemorrhage
From: Timing for deep vein thrombosis chemoprophylaxis in traumatic brain injury: an evidence-based review
Study | ICH percentage | GCS/hAIS | Other exclusions | CP day |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Arnold et al. [28] | 100 | NR | DAI; cerebral edema; craniotomy | - |
Cothren et al. [21] | NR | GCS 3-7 | systemic anticoagulation; diagnosis of DVT; placement of vena cava filter | - |
Depew et al. [22] | 100 | MS ≥2 | Mass-effect | - |
Kleindienst et al. [23] | 36 | NR | None; 16% of candidates excluded | - |
Levy et al. [11] | ~50 | hAIS 4 | Hospital LOS <3 days | 3 |
Norwood et al. [24] | NR | GCS 3-8 | LOS <3 days; ISS <9; spinal cord injury; coagulopathy; LMWH not at appropriate time; no duplex scan at discharge; high risk for bleeding | - |
Norwood et al. [24] | NR | hAIS ≥2 | See above | - |
Norwood et al. [13] | 100 | GCS 10.0, hAIS 3.6 | LOS <2 days; coagulopathy; expected brain death | - |
Norwood et al. [14] | NR | GCS 10.4, hAIS 3.6 | Surgeon reluctance despite meeting criteria n = 24%; large ICH; persistent ICP >20; expected brain death; hospital LOS <3 days; solid organ injury; spinal cord hematoma; coagulopathy; pre-injury antithrombotic | - |
Pahatouridis et al. [25] | NR | GCS 9-12 | Extra-cranial injury; surgery; coagulopathy | - |
Phelan et al. [26] | 96 | GCS 13.5 | Large ICH; persistent ICP >20 torr | 1 |
Phelan et al. [26] | 93 | GCS 13.0 | Large ICH; persistent ICP >20 torr | 4 |
Salottolo et al. [27] | NR | GCS ≤8 (29%), hAIS 3.5 | Hospital LOS <3 days; death in 7 days; IVC filter; pre-injury antithrombotic | - |
Scudday et al. [29] | NR | GCS >9 (50%), hAIS 3.4 | Craniotomy; hospital LOS ≤3 days | - |