Advanced age is associated with worsened outcomes and a unique genomic response in severely injured patients with hemorrhagic shock

Table 4 Time-dependent immunity-related gene expression

Genes of interest over time
Gene	Day 0.5		Day 1.0		Day 4.0
Gene	Aged	Young	Aged	Young	Aged	Young
Neutrophil chemotaxis
CCR3	-3.1	-3.6	-3.3	-3.8	-2.7	-1.6
IL8	-4.2	-1.8	-12.7	-10.2	-22.5	-7.6
Immune-related genes/antigen presentation/co-stimulatory molecules/increased MDSCs
ARG1	6.8	6.9	7.9	7.2	7.4	4.4
IL4R	2.9	3.5	3.2	2.7	2.7	2.4
CD24	1.9	3.4	-1	2.1	1.8	4.7
CD44	2.8	3.9	3.2	3.5
OLFM4	2.6	10.8	1.2	7.1	5.1	7.3
HERC5	-3.5	-6.3	-6.1	-9.8	-6	-4.3
IFIT1	-4.6	-8.5	-7.9	-14.6	-6.7	-4.3
IFIT2	-3.2	-5.7	-4.1	-7.2	-4.4	-2.8
IFIT3	-2.3	-3.1	-3.2	-4	-3.7	-2.8
IFIT5	-2.6	-3.9	-3.1	-3.6	-2.9	-2.4
VNN1	5.4	8	6.3	9.5	6.5	11.2
IL1R1	1.8	2	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4
IL1R2	2.1	2	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.5
HGF	2.4	3.6	2.7	5.7	2.9	2.7
Inflammation-related peptides and proteins
CD177	13.2	21.3	23.3	30.1	18.5	22.3
HMGB1	-1.3	-1.5	-1.4	-1.2
HP	5.2	8.9	7.3	11.2	7.8	4.6
MMP8	7.6	22.4	5.9	22.6	15.1	9.8
MMP9	6.8	9.3	7.8	7.1	7.5	4.5

The table displays the fold changes of selected genes from complicated young and aged trauma patient matched pairs. Positive numbers are indicative of increased fold changes (as compared to controls) and negative numbers are indicative of decreased fold changes. In the acute periods after trauma (days 0.5 and 1.0) the young cohort had greater alterations in gene fold-expression among genes associated with increased inflammation, decreased neutrophil function and impaired immunity as compared to baseline expression in healthy human controls (P <0.001) than those seen in the aged. In the sub-acute period (day 4.0), this pattern switched as the young trended toward baseline and the aged continued to experience significantly greater alterations in individual genes from baseline expressions. MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

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