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Table 2 Metabolites which are significantly different than the heathy baseline (t0,LPS) in the experimental condition and either of the two time points in the clinical conditions

From: Human metabolic response to systemic inflammation: assessment of the concordance between experimental endotoxemia and clinical cases of sepsis/SIRS

A

 

LPS

Sepsis

Metabolite name

Super pathway

t6

t0

t24

2-hydroxybutyrate (AHB)

Amino acid

=

mannose

Carbohydrate

=

xylose

Carbohydrate

=

hexanoylcarnitine (C6)

Lipid

bilirubin

Cofactors and vitamins

▲▲

▲▲

docosapentaenoate (DPA; 22:5n3)

Lipid

▲▲

=

palmitoleate (16:1n7)

Lipid

▲▲

pregnen-diol disulfate

Lipid

▲▲

citrulline

Amino acid

histidine

Amino acid

=

serine

Amino acid

=

threonine

Amino acid

=

2-palmitoyl-GPC (16:0)

Lipid

uridine

Nucleotide

=

gamma-glutamyltyrosine

Peptide

=

catechol sulfate

Xenobiotics

=

B

 

LPS

SIRS

Metabolite name

Super pathway

t6

t0

t24

alpha-ketobutyrate

Amino acid

=

N-acetylglycine

Amino acid

=

xylose

Carbohydrate

=

citrate

Energy

arachidonate (20:4n6)

Lipid

docosahexaenoate (DHA; 22:6n3)

Lipid

=

eicosapentaenoate (EPA; 20:5n3)

Lipid

=

octadecanedioate (C18)

Lipid

=

bilirubin

Cofactors and vitamins

▲▲

=

3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA)

Lipid

▲▲

=

docosapentaenoate (DPA; 22:5n3)

Lipid

▲▲

=

hexadecanedioate (C16)

Lipid

▲▲

palmitoleate (16:1n7)

Lipid

▲▲

5-oxoproline

Amino acid

=

proline

Amino acid

=

serine

Amino acid

=

1-linoleoyl-GPC (18:2)

Lipid

1-oleoyl-GPC (18:1)

Lipid

=

  1. A lists the metabolites common for endotoxemia and sepsis; B lists those common for endotoxemia and SIRS. (=: no significant difference from t0,LPS. ▲/: less than two fold difference from t0,LPS; ▲▲/: more than two fold difference from t0,LPS; metabolite name in bold: common to both lists A and B). LPS, lipopolysaccharide; SIRS, severe inflammatory response syndrome.