Table 1 Characteristics of the study cohort on intensive care unit admissiona
|  | All patients ( N = 563) | Proven IA ( n = 94) | Putative IA ( n = 203) | Colonization ( n = 266) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr | 61 ± 17 | 60 ± 13 | 62 ± 16 | 61 ± 18 |
Male, n (%) | 341 (61) | 54 (57) | 127 (63) | 160 (60) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24 (21 to 27) | 24 (21 to 26) | 23 (20 to 27) | 25 (22 to 28) |
Underlying conditions, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | |
 No underlying disease | 76 (14) | 4 (4)b | 11 (5)b | 61 (23) |
 COPD | 174 (31) | 22 (23)# | 80 (39)b | 72 (27) |
 Chronic heart failure | 55 (10) | 8 (9) | 19 (9) | 28 (11) |
 Diabetes | 92 (16) | 19 (19) | 33 (16) | 40 (15) |
 Solid tumor | 58 (10) | 13 (14) | 21 (9) | 24 (9) |
 Hematologic cancer/BMT | 48 (8) | 15 (16)b | 31 (15)b | 6 (2) |
 Neutropenia | 40 (7) | 5 (5)b | 18 (9)b | 3 (1) |
 Radiotherapy/chemotherapy | 53 (9) | 12 (13)b | 33 (16)b | 8 (3) |
 Solid organ transplant | 56 (10) | 19 (20)b | 28 (14)b | 9 (4) |
 Immunosuppressive drugs | 59 (11) | 27 (29)b # | 25 (12)b | 7 (3) |
 HIV | 5 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 3 (1) |
 Liver disease | 40 (7) | 13 (14)b | 14 (7) | 13 (5) |
 Chronic hemodialysis | 22 (4) | 3 (3) | 8 (4) | 11 (4) |
 Smoking | 88 (16) | 15 (16) | 28 (14) | 45 (17) |
 Alcohol abuse | 54 (10) | 9 (10) | 16 (8) | 29 (11) |
Diagnostic categories, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | |
 Medical admission | 392 (70) | 79 (84)b,c | 94 (46)b | 152 (57) |
 Cardiovascular | 147 (26) | 29 (30) | 49 (24) | 69 (26) |
 Respiratory | 222 (39) | 38 (41)b,c | 107 (53)b | 77 (29) |
 Neurological | 32 (6) | 3 (3)b | 3 (2)b | 26 (10) |
 Intoxication | 5 (1) | 0 | 1 (1) | 4 (2) |
 Gastrointestinal | 37 (7) | 6 (7) | 13 (6) | 18 (7) |
 Endocrine | 18 (3) | 8 (9)b | 10 (5)b | 0 |
 Post-operative | 48 (9) | 7 (8) | 15 (7) | 26 (10) |
 Trauma | 47 (8) | 2 (2)b | 3 (2)b | 42 (16) |
 Others | 7 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 4 (1) |
Severity scores and main diagnoses | Â | Â | Â | |
 APACHE II score on admission | 23 (17 to 28) | 24 (18 to 28) | 25 (17 to 30) | 23 (17 to 28) |
 Sepsis on ICU admission | 222 (39) | 47 (51)b | 94 (46)b | 81 (30) |
 ARDS on ICU admission | 57 (10) | 24 (26)b # | 21 (10)b | 12 (4) |
 Septic shock, n (%) | 64 (11) | 14 (15)b | 29 (14)b | 21 (8) |
 Traumatic brain injury, n (%) | 28 (5) | 0b | 1 (1)b | 27 (10) |
 Pneumonia, n (%) | 72 (13) | 15 (16) | 29 (14) | 28 (11) |
 Other brain injuries, n (%) | 23 (4) | 1 (1)b | 2 (1)b | 20 (8) |
 Acute heart failure/CABG, n (%) | 39 (7) | 3 (3)b | 6 (3)b | 30 (11) |
 Pancreatitis, n (%) | 7 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 5 (1) |
 Prophylactic antifungals, n (%) | 32 (6) | 8 (9)b | 19 (9)b | 5 (2) |
 Antifungal therapy, n (%) | 285 (51) | 78 (85)b,c | 147 (72)b | 60 (22) |
 Duration of therapy, daysd | 13 (6 to 28) | 10 (4 to 24) | 12 (7 to 29) | 18 (9 to 28) |