Table 1 Characteristics of all patients according to presence of hyponatremia at study enrolment
Patients’ characteristics | Patients without hyponatremia (Na > = 130 mEq/L) | Patients with hyponatremia (Na <130 mEq/L) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
(N = 1140) | (N = 201) | ||
Age (years) | 57.2 (12.3) | 56.7 (11.5) | 0.60 |
Male sex | 724 (63.5) | 125 (62.2) | 0.72 |
Alcoholic cirrhosis | 550 (48) | 108 (53) | 0.17 |
Previous decompensations* | 794 (72.6) | 149 (77.6) | 0.15 |
Complications at admission** | |||
Bacterial infections | 264 (23.2) | 60 (29.9) | 0.04 |
Hepatic encephalopathy | 373 (32.7) | 86 (43.0) | 0.005 |
Ascites | 738 (65.1) | 154 (77.4) | <0.001 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 208 (18.3) | 13 (6.5) | <0.001 |
ACLF | 228 (20%) | 73 (36.3%) | <0.001 |
Clinical and laboratory data | |||
Mean arterial pressure (mm/Hg) | 84 (12.3) | 80 (11.9) | <0.001 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 81 (16.2) | 84 (16.3) | 0.02 |
Serum bilirubin (mg/dL) | 5.7 (7.4) | 9.2 (9.5) | <0.001 |
International normalized ratio | 1.6 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.7) | <0.001 |
AST (U/L) | 96 (158) | 153 (282) | 0.01 |
ALT (U/L) | 56 (129) | 71 (110) | 0.12 |
GGT (U/L) | 168 (278) | 176 (240) | 0.69 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 (0.9) | 1.7 (1.4) | <0.001 |
Serum sodium (mEq/L) | 137 (4.1) | 125 (4.3) | <0.001 |
Serum potassium (mEq/L) | 4.1 (0.7) | 4.5 (0.9) | <0.001 |
Leukocyte count (×109 cells/L) | 7.1 (4.6) | 10.1 (6.0) | <0.001 |
Plasma C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 29.9 (36.7) | 36.4 (32.0) | 0.03 |
MELD score | 18.0 (7.1) | 22.6 (8.3) | <0.001 |
Child-Pugh score | 9.5 (2.1) | 10.7 (2.1) | <0.001 |