Predicting cardiovascular intensive care unit readmission after cardiac surgery: derivation and validation of the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcomes Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) cardiovascular intensive care unit clinical prediction model from a registry cohort of 10,799 surgical cases

Table 3 Postoperative complications in patients with and without a cardiovascular intensive care unit readmission

	No readmission (n = 10,320)	Readmission (n = 479)	P value
Pulmonary complications
Prolonged mechanical ventilation (>24 hours)	18.4	57.3	<0.001
Total mechanical ventilation, hours	22.5	92.9	<0.001
Re-intubation	2.7	48.2	<0.001
Acute respiratory distress syndrome	3.1	33.3	<0.001
Pleural effusion	6.1	28.8	<0.001
Chest tube insertion	4.1	16.0	<0.001
Pulmonary embolism	0.2	1.3	0.001
Cardiac complications
Cardiac tamponade	1.7	11.1	<0.001
Re-operation	3.3	16.9	<0.001
Cardiac arrest	1.7	17.3	<0.001
Heart block	2.0	7.5	<0.001
Atrial fibrillation	26.9	48.6	<0.001
Infectious complications
Superficial sternal wound infection	3.6	9.2	<0.001
Deep sternal wound infection	0.4	8.1	<0.001
Leg venous harvest site infection	2.9	10.9	<0.001
Pneumonia	12.0	53.3	<0.001
Urinary tract infection	0.7	4.6	<0.001
Sepsis (any source)	1.5	16.5	<0.001
Neurologic complications
Neurologic complication^a	1.5	7.5	<0.001
Delirium	2.5	15.7	<0.001
Gastrointestinal complications
Bleeding	1.0	14.8	<0.001
Mesenteric ischemia	0.5	4.4	<0.001
Renal complications
Renal failure	5.9	31.3	<0.001
Postoperative dialysis	2.1	18.6	<0.001

^aNeurologic complication defined as: cerebrovascular accident, intracranial hemorrhage, coma ≥24 hours, encephalopathy, or paralysis.

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