Table 1 Demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome in 363 patients
Variable | Value |
|---|---|
Male sex | 231 (63.6) |
Age, years | 65.8 ± 14.1 |
Severe sepsis at inclusion | 25 (6.9) |
Septic shock at inclusion | 338 (93.1) |
Nosocomial infection | 98 (27.0) |
Source of infection | |
Lung-pleura | 165 (45.7) |
Abdomen | 83 (23.0) |
Urine | 45 (12.5) |
Skin, bones, joints | 30 (8.3) |
Catheter | 7 (1.9) |
Central nervous system | 6 (1.7) |
Endocarditis | 6 (1.7) |
Other | 8 (2.2) |
Source not identified | 11 (3.0) |
Underlying disease | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 63 (17.4) |
Arterial hypertension | 198 (54.5) |
Chronic heart failure | 36 (9.9) |
Liver cirrhosis | 27 (7.4) |
Chronic haemodialysis | 8 (2.2) |
Type 1 diabetes | 15 (4.1) |
Type 2 diabetes | 85 (23.4) |
Immunocompromized state | 110 (30.3) |
Active solid cancer | 45 (12.4) |
Active lymphoma or leukaemia | 22 (6.1) |
Myeloproliferative syndrome | 12 (3.3) |
Recent (<6 months) chemotherapy or radiotherapy | 42 (11.6) |
Neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <1,000/mm3) | 27 (7.4) |
HIV seropositivity | 4 (1.1) |
Solid organ or bone marrow transplantation | 6 (1.7) |
Steroids therapy | 41 (11.3) |
Other immunosuppressive therapy | 14 (3.9) |
Criteria for circulatory failure at inclusion (in addition to recent or ongoing hypotension) | |
Tachycardia (heart rate >110 beats/minute) | 195 (53.7) |
Urine output <0.5 mL/hour per Kg of body weight | 147 (40.5) |
Capillary refill time >2 seconds | 48 (13.2) |
Cyanosis in the absence of severe hypoxemia | 56 (15.4) |
Skin mottling | 167 (46.0) |
Altered consciousness | 77 (21.2) |
Arterial lactate >2 mmol/L on admission | 190 (52.3) |
Epinephrine or norepinephrine administration | 338 (93.1) |
Therapy | |
Invasive mechanical ventilation on admission | 128 (35.2) |
Invasive mechanical ventilation during ICU stay | 305 (84.0) |
Norepinephrine on admission | 136 (37.5) |
Epinephrine on admission | 10 (2.8) |
Norepinephrine or epinephrine during ICU stay | 356 (98.1) |
Dobutamine on admission | 12 (3.3) |
Transfusion of blood products between zero hours and 24 hours | 58 (16.6) |
Renal replacement therapy during ICU stay | 84 (23.1) |
Initial arterial blood lactate concentration, mmol/L a | 3.2 ± 3.0 |
median 2.2 (IQR 0.95 to 4.45) | |
McCabe classification [14] | |
0 | 223 (61.4) |
1 | 96 (26.4) |
2 | 44 (12.1) |
Simplified acute physiology score II [15] | 56.8 ± 20.0 |
SOFA score [16] (highest value from H0 to H24) | 10.3 ± 3.4 |
ICU death | 102 (28.1) |
Day-28 death | 111 (30.6) |