Effects of prehospital adrenaline administration on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Description of study and subject characteristics of included studies

Author, year [reference]	Country	Setting	Sample size	Study design	Type of subject	Age group	Cardiac rhythm	Mean age, year	Male (%)	Cardiac cause (%)	Witnessed by bystander (%)	Bystander CPR (%)	AD (mg)
Herlitz , 1994 [20]	Sweden	EMS	1,222	Cohort	M	Adult	Asystole	66^a	69.56	73	50	8.59	-
Dieckmann, 1995 [34]	USA	EMS	65	Cohort	NT	Children	Mixed	1.51	64.62	-	-	-	-
Herlitz, 1995 [5]	Sweden	EMS	1,203	Cohort	M	Adult	VF	70^a	79.7	-	85	19.7	-
Herlitz, 1995 [19]	Sweden	EMS	748	Cohort	M	Adult	PEA	71^a	67.11	76	75	8	-
Guyette, 2004 [17]	USA	EMS	298	Cohort	NT	Adult	Mixed	63.5	58.05	-	43.96	28.19	3.8
Ong, 2007 [16]	Singapore	EMS	681	Cohort	NT	Adult	Mixed	63.3	68.75	-	57.1	19.36	1
Vayrynen, 2008 [21]	Findland	EMS	789	Cohort	M	Adult	PEA	66.7	61.85	45.75	56.15	23.07	3.8
Yanagawa, 2010 [15]	Japan	EMS	713	Cohort	M	Adult	Mixed	68	59.89	85	42.5	33.52	-
Jacobs, 2011 [27]	Australia	EMS	534	RCT	M	Adult	Mixed	63.5	72.85	91.39	48.31	51.12	5
Hagihara, 2012 [12]	Japan	EMS	417,188	Cohort	M	Adult	Mixed	70	58.95	55.06	40.33	36.1	-
Hayashi, 2012 [13]	Japan	EMS	3,161	Cohort	NT	Adult	Mixed	73.3	60.2	67.26	100	41.57	-
Machida, 2012 [18]	Japan	Hospital	492	Cohort	M	Adult	Mixed	64	65.85	34.35	33.94	53.05	-
Nordseth, 2012 [14]	Sweden	EMS	174	Cohort	NT	Adult	PEA	75^a	64.16	56.65	57.23	40.46	-
Neset, 2013 [35]	Sweden	EMS	233	Cohort	NT	Adult	Mixed	74	57.6	56.7	35.7	45.7	-
Goto, 2013 [36]	Japan	EMS	209,577	Cohort	M	Adult	Mixed	68^a	778.47	86.1	74.89	70.85	-

^aMedian. AD, adrenaline; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS, emergency medical service; M, mixed trauma and non-trauma; NT, non-trauma; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; RCT, randomized controlled trial; VF, ventricular fibrillation.
*Median.

ISSN: 1364-8535