Characteristic | Number/number evaluable (%), unless otherwise indicated | P- value | |
---|---|---|---|
 | Pre-implementation ( n = 274) | Post-implementation ( n = 158) |  |
Age in years, mean ± SD | 57.1 ± 17.1 | 59.4 ± 16.8 | 0.20 |
Age <65 years | 167/257 (65.0) | 89/151 (58.9) | 0.22 |
Male gender | 173/257 (67.3) | 93/151 (61.6) | 0.24 |
Race | Â | Â | 0.04 |
   White | 169/257 (65.8) | 87/151 (57.6) |  |
   Black | 79/257 (30.7) | 50/151 (33.1) |  |
   Other | 9/257 (3.5) | 14/151 (9.3) |  |
Weight in pounds, mean ± SD | 182.7 ± 62.8 | 180.0 ± 65.5 | 0.68 |
Comorbid conditions | Â | Â | Â |
   Respiratory | 58/255 (22.8) | 32/150 (21.3) | 0.74 |
   Renal | 38/253 (15.0) | 37/151 (24.5) | 0.02 |
   Cardiac | 52/255 (20.4) | 36/151 (23.8) | 0.42 |
   Malignancy | 41/256 (16.0) | 20/150 (13.3) | 0.47 |
   Immunosuppressiona | 93/257 (36.2) | 65/151 (43.0) | 0.17 |
Severity of illness scores | Â | ||
   APACHE II score, mean ± SD | 20.1 ± 7.0 | 21.6 ± 7.7 | 0.03 |
   CPIS, mean ± SD | 6.2 ± 1.9 | 6.3 ± 1.7 | 0.59 |
   Presence of severe sepsis | 206/274 (75.2) | 127/157 (80.9) | 0.17 |
Risk factor for multidrug resistant pathogenb | Â | Â | Â |
   Any | 238/257 (92.6) | 148/151 (98.0) | 0.02 |
   Antibiotic within 30 days | 154/236 (65.3) | 90/148 (60.8) | 0.55 |
   Hospitalized ≥5 days before HAP antibiotics | 166/238 (69.8) | 79/148 (53.4) | 0.001 |
   Hospitalized ≥2 days within 90 days | 92/238 (38.7) | 81/148 (54.7) | 0.01 |
Residence in nursing home or extended care | 35/238 (14.7) | 33/147 (22.5) | 0.02 |
   Chronic dialysis within 30 days | 13/238 (5.5) | 11/145 (7.6) | 0.05 |