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Table 1 Effects of alterations in IAP and volemia on circulatory and respiratory parameters

From: Pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation during increased intra-abdominal pressure: an experimental study

IAP (mmHg)

0 †

30 †

30 before FL †

30 after FL †

HR (/minute)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

105 ± 28

110 ± 19

121 ± 28

118 ± 23

   After blood withdrawal

142 ± 28*

145 ± 20*

149 ± 27*

124 ± 19♣

MAP (mmHg)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

75.3 ± 9.5

80.5 ± 13.7

91.6 ± 9.0

102.7 ± 16.3

   After blood withdrawal

50.0 ± 11.5*

64.9 ± 11.1#*

73.6 ± 8.8*

98.3 ± 25.5♣

RAPm (mmHg)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

9.7 ± 3.5

17.6 ± 5.8#

18.0 ± 5.9

24.3 ± 7.5♣

   After blood withdrawal

7.2 ± 3.6*

13.1 ± 3.4#*

12.6 ± 3.3

20.6 ± 5.8♣

RAPm-tm (mmHg)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

7.8 ± 3.7

11.0 ± 5.6#

10.9 ± 6.7

16.8 ± 7.7♣

   After blood withdrawal

4.9 ± 4.3*

6.4 ± 4.3*

7.2 ± 3.5

14.8 ± 5.2♣

PCWP (mmHg)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

10.0 ± 3.4

11.9 ± 3.9

11.9 ± 4.4

15.7 ± 3.5♣

   After blood withdrawal

5.5 ± 2.8*

6.2 ± 2.7*

6.3 ± 2.7

12.2 ± 8.1

PCWP-tm (mmHg)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

10.1 ± 3.6

11.7 ± 4.5

11.0 ± 4.1

15.3 ± 4.3♣

   After blood withdrawal

6.4 ± 2.5*

6.3 ± 2.6*

7.2 ± 2.7

14.5 ± 8.2

SV (ml)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

17.5 ± 4.3

14.0 ± 4.7#

13.7 ± 5.2

17.1 ± 4.4♣

   After blood withdrawal

8.5 ± 2.9*

8.0 ± 3.2*

10.0 ± 2.5*

16.5 ± 3.3♣

SVR (dynes.s.cm -5 )

    

   Before blood withdrawal

3,052 ± 872

3,653 ± 1401

  

   After blood withdrawal

3,194 ± 1354

4,440 ± 2158#

  

PVR (dynes.s.cm -5 )

    

   Before blood withdrawal

678 ± 230

1,383 ± 962#

  

   After blood withdrawal

1,147 ± 550

2,541 ± 2,239

  

Peak Paw (cmH 2 0)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

27.7 ± 3.5

58.3 ± 8.0#

  

   After blood withdrawal

29.5 ± 3.3

56.5 ± 9.3#

  

Ptrans (cmH 2 0)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

17.7 ± 3.8

28.8 ± 10.6#

  

   After blood withdrawal

18.4 ± 5.9

29.6 ± 15.0#

  

Crs (ml/cmH 2 0)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

19.5 ± 3.2

7.3 ± 0.9#

  

   After blood withdrawal

20.3 ± 2.6

7.7 ± 0.9#

  

ΔPpl (mmHg)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

4.4 ± 2.3

18.1 ± 10.7#

  

   After blood withdrawal

5.9 ± 4.4

17.7 ± 11.3#

  

IAPm (mmHg)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

3.1 ± 2.3

30.3 ± 3.7#

  

   After blood withdrawal

3.1 ± 2.2

31.3 ± 1.7#

  

ATI (%)

    

   Before blood withdrawal

 

47 ± 29

  

   After blood withdrawal

 

43 ± 31

  
  1. Definition of abbreviations: ATI, abdomino-thoracic pressure transmission index; Crs, static compliance of the respiratory system; ΔPpl, (maximal inspiratory pleural pressure - minimal expiratory pleural pressure); FL, fluid loading; HR, heart rate; IAPm, mean intra-abdominal pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; Paw, airway pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PCWP-tm, transmural pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; Ptrans, end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RAPm, mean right atrial pressure; RAPm-tm, transmural mean right atrial pressure; SV, stroke volume; SVR, systemic vascular resistance.
  2. #: P < 0.05 vs IAP 0; * : P < 0.05 vs before blood withdrawal; ♣ : P < 0.05 vs IAP 30 before FL.
  3. †: before blood withdrawal, n = 9 at IAP 0, 30, 30 before FL, and 30 after FL; after blood withdrawal, n = 9 at IAP 0 and 30, n = 7 at IAP 30 before FL and 30 after FL.
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