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Table 2 Diagnosis, antifungal therapy, and patient outcomes in IBPA group

From: Clinical features of invasive bronchial-pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive respiratory diseases: a prospective study

 

Class of diagnosis

Type

Risk factors

Chest CT scan

Chest x-ray

BSP

Serum IgE (KU/L)

Asp Ab

Fungal culture

Aspergillus species

Histology

Previous antifungal prophylaxis

Antifungal therapy

GM detection 0.5 ng/ml a

1

Probable

IPA

Steroids and antibiotics

Nodule, patching

Patching, consolidation

 

513

Positive

ETA (1)

A. fumigatus

 

No

ABLC

Negative

2

Proven

ATB and IPA

Steroids and antibiotics

Nodule, consolidation, halo sign

Patching, nodule

PM

33

Negative

ETA (2); BALF (5)

A. fumigatus

Positive

No

ABLC and voriconazole

Positive

3

Probable

IPA

Steroids and antibiotics

Nodule, patching, consolidation

Patching

 

209

Positive

Spu (5)

A. fumigatus

 

Yes

ABLC and voriconazole

Positive

4

Probable

IPA

Steroids and antibiotics

 

Negative

 

51

Negative

Spu (2)

A. fumigatus

 

No

ABLC and itraconazole

Negative

5

Proven

ATB

Steroids and antibiotics

 

Negative

PM

148

Positive

ETA (9); BALF (1)

A. fumigatus and A. flavus

Positive

No

ABLC

Positive

6

Probable

IPA

Steroids and antibiotics

 

Patching, nodule, consolidation

 

14

Negative

ETA (12)

A. fumigatus

 

No

ABLC and voriconazole

Positive

7

Possible

IPA

Antibiotics

Patching, nodule, cavitation

Patching, nodule, consolidation, cavitation

 

15

Negative

No

No

 

No

Caspofugin and voriconazole

Negative

8

Probable

IPA

Steroids and antibiotics

 

Patching

 

4

Negative

ETA (2)

A. fumigatus

 

No

No

Positive

9

Probable

IPA

Steroids and antibiotics

 

Nodule, consolidation

 

67

Negative

Spu (3)

A. flavus

 

No

ABLC

Negative

10

Probable

IPA

Steroids and antibiotics

Patching, nodule, consolidation

Patching, nodule, consolidation

 

29

Negative

Spu (3)

A. niger

 

No

ABLC and voriconazole

Positive

11

Proven

ATB and IPA

Antibiotics

Nodule, consolidation

Patching, nodule, consolidation

PM

89

Positive

Spu (3)

A. niger

Positive

Yes

ABLC and caspofugin

Negative

12

Proven

ATB and IPA

Steroids and antibiotics

 

Patching

PM

107

Negative

BALF (5)

A. fumigatus

Positive

No

ABLC

Positive

13

Probable

IPA

Antibiotics

 

Patching, consolidation

 

260

Positive

ETA (2)

A. fumigatus

 

No

ABLC

Negative

  1. ABLC, amphotericin B lipid complex; Asp Ab, serum Aspergillus antibody; ATB, Aspergillus tracheobronchitis; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; BSP, bronchoscopy; ETA, endotracheal aspiration; GM, galactomannan; IgE, immunoglobulin E; IPA, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; PM, pseudomembrane; Spu, sputum. "number" in the fungal-culture column, times of positive cultures. aPositive means one positive in any of the three samples.