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Table 2 Clinical parameters and forearm blood flow response during human endotoxemia in the absence and presence of caffeine or the AMPD1 polymorphism

From: Circulating adenosine increases during human experimental endotoxemia but blockade of its receptor does not influence the immune response and subsequent organ injury

  

T = 0

T = 1

T = 2

T = 4

T = 8

Δ Temperature, °C

Placebo

0.0 ± 0.0

0.3 ± 0.1

1.0 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.1

0.6 ± 0.1

 

AMPD1

0.0 ± 0.0

0.3 ± 0.1

1.0 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.1

 

Caffeine

0.0 ± 0.0

0.3 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.2

Leukocytes, × 109/L

Placebo

5.2 ± 0.8

3.0 ± 0.6

5.7 ± 0.6

8.9 ± 0.5

11.0 ± 0.5

 

AMPD1

5.1 ± 0.4

2.3 ± 0.2

6.4 ± 0.9

9.6 ± 1.1

11.9 ± 1.1

 

Caffeine

4.7 ± 0.3

2.4 ± 0.3

5.9 ± 0.7

10.6 ± 0.7

12.7 ± 0.7

FBF, mL/minute per dL forearm volume

Placebo

2.8 (2.6-5.6)

5.3 (3.2-6.9)

3.8 (2.5-4.7)

7.3 (6.2-8.6)

6.4 (4.3-7.6)

 

AMPD1

3.1 (2.8-3.9)

3.1 (2.8-5.5)

3.0 (2.3-3.7)

6.2 (4.0-10.6)

5.8 (5.3-6.7)

 

Caffeine

2.9 (2.1-3.5)

3.9 (3.1-4.7)

2.6 (2.2-3.0)

7.9 (5.3-10.7)

6.7 (5.7-7.4)

  1. Lipopolysaccharide-induced changes were significant (P < 0.001, repeated measures analysis of variance) for each group but not significantly different between groups. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. Forearm blood flow (FBF) data are presented as median (interquartile range) since FBF data had a non-Gaussian distribution. AMPD1, adenosine monophosphate deaminase.