|  | T = 0 | T = 1 | T = 2 | T = 4 | T = 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Δ Temperature, °C | Placebo | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 |
 | AMPD1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
 | Caffeine | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 |
Leukocytes, × 109/L | Placebo | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 11.0 ± 0.5 |
 | AMPD1 | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 9.6 ± 1.1 | 11.9 ± 1.1 |
 | Caffeine | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 10.6 ± 0.7 | 12.7 ± 0.7 |
FBF, mL/minute per dL forearm volume | Placebo | 2.8 (2.6-5.6) | 5.3 (3.2-6.9) | 3.8 (2.5-4.7) | 7.3 (6.2-8.6) | 6.4 (4.3-7.6) |
 | AMPD1 | 3.1 (2.8-3.9) | 3.1 (2.8-5.5) | 3.0 (2.3-3.7) | 6.2 (4.0-10.6) | 5.8 (5.3-6.7) |
 | Caffeine | 2.9 (2.1-3.5) | 3.9 (3.1-4.7) | 2.6 (2.2-3.0) | 7.9 (5.3-10.7) | 6.7 (5.7-7.4) |