Age
|
42.6 (36.4 to 48.6)
|
41.3(36.1 to 49)
|
1 (0.9 to 1)
|
0.9
|
Males
|
176 (71.8)
|
27(69.2)
|
0.9 (0.4 to 1.8)
|
0.74
|
Period of ICU admission
| | | | |
1996 to 1997
|
18 (7.3)
|
6 (15.4)
|
Ref
|
-
|
1998 to 2000
|
63 (25.7)
|
13 (33.3)
|
0.62 (0.21 to 1.86)
|
0.39
|
2001 to 2003
|
79 (32.2)
|
12 (30.8)
|
0.46 (0.15 to 1.38)
|
0.16
|
2004 to 2005
|
85 (34.7)
|
8 (20.5)
|
0.28 (0.09 to 0.91)
|
0.03
|
Co-morbidities
| | | | |
COPD
|
12 (4.9)
|
3 (7.7)
|
1.6 (0.4 to 6.1)
|
0.5
|
Hepatic cirrhosis
|
19 (7.8)
|
9 (23)
|
3.6 (1.5 to 8.6)
|
0.005
|
Chronic C hepatitis infection
|
45 (18.4)
|
11(28.2)
|
1.7 (0.8 to 3.8)
|
0.1
|
Chronic B hepatitis infection
|
41 (16.7)
|
9 (23.1)
|
1.5 (0.7 to 3.4)
|
0.3
|
Chronic renal failure
|
18 (7.3)
|
1 (2.6)
|
0.3 (0.04 to 2.6)
|
0.3
|
Kaposi sarcoma
|
23 (9.4)
|
9 (23.1)
|
2.9 (1.2 to 6.8)
|
0.01
|
Psychiatric disorders
|
77 (31.4)
|
8 (20.5)
|
0.56 (0.25 to 1.3)
|
0.2
|
Homeless
|
22 (9)
|
4 (10.3)
|
1.2 (0.4 to 3.6)
|
0.8
|
HIV-related characteristics
| | | | |
Time since HIV diagnosis (months)
|
70.5 (4 to 146)
|
88 (13 to 149.5)
|
1 (0.9 to 1)
|
0.7
|
HIV diagnosis within past 60 days
|
51 (21.1)
|
5 (14.3)
|
0.6 (0.2 to 1.7)
|
0.3
|
CD4+ cell count
|
96 (23.5 to 289)
|
65 (32 to 287)
|
0.9 (0.9 to 1)
|
0.5
|
CD4+ cell count <200
|
162 (66.2)
|
27 (68.7)
|
1.12 (0.51 to 2.5)
|
0.77
|
Previous opportunistic infections
|
121 (49.4)
|
18 (46.1)
|
0.9 (0.4 to 1.7)
|
0.7
|
Viral load (× 1,000 log10/ml)
|
53.8 (0.5 to 252)
|
28.1 (0 to 10825)
|
1
|
0.2
|
On HAART at ICU admissiona
|
125 (51)
|
25 (64.1)
|
1.7 (0.8 to 3.4)
|
0.13
|
Viral replication controlled
|
58 (46.4)
|
10 (43.5)
|
0.9 (0.4 to 2.2)
|
0.8
|
Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis
|
79 (32.2)
|
15 (38.4)
|
1.3 (0.6 to 2.6)
|
0.4
|
ICU admission
| | | | |
Direct ICU admission
|
135 (55.1)
|
15 (38.5)
|
0.51 (0.25 to 1.02)
|
0.05
|
Hospital to ICU admission (days)
|
0 (0 to 2)
|
1 (0 to 8)
|
1.05/day (1.01 to 1.08)
|
0.01
|
Main reason for ICU admission
| | | | |
Acute respiratory failure
|
145 (59.2)
|
22 (56.4)
|
0.9 (0.4 to 1.8)
|
0.7
|
Coma
|
71 (28.9)
|
20 (51.3)
|
2.6 (1.3 to 5.1)
|
0.006
|
Sepsisb
|
48 (19.6)
|
20 (51.3)
|
4.3 (2.1 to 8.7)
|
0.0001
|
Shockc
|
34 (13.9)
|
25 (64.1)
|
11.1 (5.2 to 23.4)
|
0.0001
|
Renal failure
|
32 (13.1)
|
15 (38.5)
|
4.2 (2 to 8.8)
|
0.0002
|
Metabolic abnormalities
|
19 (7.8)
|
13 (33.3)
|
5.9 (2.6 to 13.4)
|
0.0001
|
Liver failure
|
9 (3.7)
|
14 (35.9)
|
14.7 (5.8 to 37.3)
|
0.0001
|
Definite diagnoses
| | | | |
Infection
|
103 (42)
|
26 (66.7)
|
2.8 (1.3 to 5.6)
|
0.005
|
Septic shockd
|
12 (4.9)
|
20 (51.3)
|
20.4 (8.7 to 48)
|
0.0001
|
Bacterial pneumonia
|
84 (34.3)
|
10 (25.6)
|
0.7 (0.3 to 1.4)
|
0.3
|
Pneumocystis pneumonia
|
50 (20.4)
|
3 (7.7)
|
0.3 (0.1 to 1.1)
|
0.07
|
Cerebral toxoplasmosis
|
15 (6.1)
|
2 (2.6)
|
0.4 (0.05 to 3.1)
|
0.4
|
Status epilepticus
|
19 (7.8)
|
3 (7.7)
|
1 (0.3 to 3.5)
|
0.9
|
Meningitis
|
18 (7.3)
|
2 (5.1)
|
0.7 (0.1 to 3.1)
|
0.6
|
Cerebral hemorrhage
|
4 (1.6)
|
5 (12.8)
|
8.9 (2.3 to 34.6)
|
0.002
|
Multiple organ failure
|
5 (2)
|
24 (61.5)
|
76.8 (25.7 to 229.7)
|
0.0001
|
Macrophage activation syndrome
|
10 (4)
|
6(15.4)
|
4.27 (1.5 to 12.5)
|
0.008
|
Life-supporting procedures
| | | | |
Mechanical ventilation
|
86 (35.1)
|
38 (97.4)
|
70.2 (9.5 to 521)
|
0.0001
|
Renal replacement therapy
|
17 (6.4)
|
14 (35.9)
|
7.5 (3.3 to 17)
|
0.0001
|
Vasopressors
|
33 (13.5)
|
31 (79.5)
|
24.9 (10.5 to 59)
|
0.0001
|
Duration of life support (days)
|
0 (0 to 3)
|
3 (1 to 7.7)
|
1.07 (1.02 to 1.1)
|
0.002
|