Table 3 Examples of chloride channels
Channel | Mechanism of regulation | Physiological role |
|---|---|---|
CFTR channels | Cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation | Cl- secretion in airways, submucosal glands, pancreas, intestine and testis; Cl- absorption in sweat glands |
CIC-1 channels | Depolarization | Cl- conductance in skeletal muscle; repolarization after action potential |
CIC-2 channels | Hyperpolarization and cell swelling | Cl- homeostasis in neurons |
Calcium-activated chloride channels | Cystosolic Ca2+ | Cl- transport in retinal pigment epithelium; Cl- secretion in epithelia, neurons, cardiac muscles and erythrocytes; smooth muscle contraction |
GABAA channels | GABAA | Inhibition of synaptic transmission in the brain |
Glycine channels | Glycine, β-alanine and taurine | Inhibition of synaptic transmission in the spinal cord |
Volume-sensitive chloride channels | Cell volume changes | Restoration of cell volume |