Goal-directed intraoperative therapy based on autocalibrated arterial pressure waveform analysis reduces hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients: a randomized, controlled trial

Table 5 Complications until hospital discharge

Complication	Diagnostic tools	GDT group n = 30	Control group n = 30
Infection
Pneumonia	Confirmed chest x-ray, WBC > 12 × 10³ or < 4 × 10³ ml^-1	1	3
Abdominal	Abdominal CT	1	4
Urinary tract	Dysuria, urine analysis	0	0
Wound	Clinical diagnosis	3	8
Respiratory
Pulmonary embolism	CTPA	0	0
Respiratory support > 24 hours or weaning failure	NIV > 24 hours, Re-intubation	2	3
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary edema	Auscultation, chest x-ray	0	2
Arrhythmia	≥ Lown II, ≥ 30 atrial extrasystoles, AF, VF	2	3
Hypotension	Mean arterial pressure ≤ 50 mmHg	2	9
Acute myocardial infarction	ECG signs for ischemia, troponin T ≥ 0.03 ng ml^-1	0	2
Stroke	Clinical diagnosis confirmed with CCT	0	1
Abdominal
Bowel obstruction	No defecation > 4 days	1	2
Upper gastro-intestinal bleeding	Clinical diagnosis, confirmed with endoscopy	1	0
Anastomotic leak	Drainage discharge, abdominal CT, WBC > 12 × 10³ or < 4 × 10³ ml^-1	1	3
Renal
Urine output < 500 ml/day or required dialysis for acute renal failure	Clinical diagnosis	1	5
Post-operative massive hemorrhage	> 300 ml h^-1 and/or need of re-operation	0	2
Perioperative deaths		2	2
Total number of complications		17	49
Number (percentage) of patients with complications		6 (20%)	15 (50%)

AF, atrial fibrillation; CCT, cranial computed tomography;CT, computed tomography; CTPA, computed tomography pulmonary angiogram; ECG, electrocardiogram; GDT, goal-directed therapy; NIV, non invasive ventilation; VF, ventricular flutter; WBC, white blood cell count.

ISSN: 1364-8535