Table 5 Biomarkers related to vascular endothelial damage identified in the literature search (with some selected references)
Sepsis marker | Evaluated in experimental studies | Evaluated in clinical studies | Evaluated as a prognostic factor | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
√ | B | √ | Decreased in septic patients with DIC compared with no DIC | |
Angiopoietin (1 and 2) [126] |  | B | √ | Distinguished between survivors and non-survivors at 28 days |
√ | B | √ | Predicted development of septic shock | |
Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM)-1 (cellular and soluble) [129, 130] | √ | B(s) | √* | Distinguished between survivors and non-survivors at 28 days |
Endothelial progenitor cells (cEPC) [131] |  | B | √ | Distinguished between survivors and non-survivors at 28 days |
Intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 (soluble) [38] | √ | B(m) | √ |  |
Laminin [132] | Â | A | Â | Increased in sepsis compared with non-infected controls |
√ | C | √* | Distinguished between survivors and non-survivors at 28 days | |
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB [135] |  | B | √ | Distinguished between survivors and non-survivors at 28 days in patients with severe sepsis |
√ | C | √ | Predicted development of MOF, correlated with SAPS score | |
L-Selectin (soluble) [137] |  | C | √* | Distinguished between survivors and non-survivors at 28 days |
P-Selectin [138] | √ |  |  |  |
√ | C |  | Predicted development of MOF | |
√ | A | √ | Distinguished between survivors and non-survivors at 28 days, predicted development of MOF | |
|  | B(m) | √ | Distinguished between survivors and non-survivors at 28 days, predicted development of acute lung injury |