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Table 4 Comparison of Groups 1 and 2 (intensive vs. conventional protocol) with respect to key therapeutic procedures

From: Intensive insulin treatment improves forearm blood flow in critically ill patients: a randomized parallel design clinical trial

Type of treatment

Group 1

Group 2

P-value

Ventilatory support

   

FiO2

0.5 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.1

0.25

PEEP(cmH2O)

7.5 ± 1.5

9.0 ± 3.6

0.54

Nutritional support

   

Total daily caloric intake (kcal/kg/day)

19.5 ± 3.4

23.7 ± 8.1

0.14

Carbohydrate caloric intake (kcal/kg/day)

9.7 ± 4.1

10.9 ± 4.9

0.56

Enteral nutrition

   

Number of patients (%)

9 (64)

10 (66)

0.70

Enterak daily caloric intake (kcal/kg/day)

11.3 ± 7.4

17.3 ± 6.4

0.11

Hemodynamic support (norepinephrine infusion)

   

Number of patients treated

8

5

0.27

norepinephrine infusion rate (μg/kg/min)

0.3 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.2

0.43

Antibiotics*

   

Number of patients treated

14

15

1.0

Insulin infusion (U/day)

140.7 ± 56.3

67.2 ± 44.9

< 0.01

Corticosteroid treatment (methylprednisolone)

   

Number of patients treated

10

7

0.47

methylprednisolone dosage (mg/day)

160 ± 84

200 ± 0

0.27

Hemodialysis

   

Number of patients

2

1

0.60

Blood transfusion

   

Number of patients

1

1

0.62

  1. The numerical data refers to the period 24 hours following the start of insulin treatment. The number of patients receiving antibiotics, hemodialysis and blood transfusion applies to the entire duration of the treatment.
  2. FiO2 = fraction of inspired oxygen; PEEP = positive end-expiratory pressure
  3. * treatment with at least one antibiotic is taken into account