Table 2 Risk factors for extubation complications

Laryngeal injury

Colice and colleagues [2]

Persistent laryngeal neuromotor activity, tracheostomy

Kastanos and colleagues [17]

Severe respiratory failure, high cuff pressure, duration of endotracheal intubation, secretion infection

Esteller and colleagues [19]

Longer duration of intubation, tracheostomy, number of days in the intensive care unit

Laryngeal edema

Darmon and colleagues [4]

Duration of intubation (>36 hours), gender (female)

Francois and colleagues [6]

Trauma at admission, gender (female), short duration of intubation (<7 days), smaller height to tube diameter ratio, absence of methylprednisolone pre treatment

Post-extubation stridor

Cheng and colleagues [3]

Gender (female), lower Glasgow coma score, nonsedation treatment

Sandhu and colleagues [26]

Duration of intubation (>3 days)

Daley and colleagues [9]

Tracheostomy, time to reintubation

Ho and colleagues [7]

Gender (female)

Jaber and colleagues [30]

High SAPS II, medical patients, difficult intubation, history of self-extubation, prolonged intubation, high cuff pressure

Kriner and colleagues [8]

Gender (female), duration of intubation (>6 days), ratio tube size to laryngeal size >45%

Wang and colleagues [14]

Gender (female)

Maury and colleagues [25]

Gender (female)

Erginel and colleagues [15]

Duration of ventilation (>5 days), body mass index (>26.5)

Reintubation

Daley and colleagues [9]

Tracheostomy, post-extubation stridor

Jaber and colleagues [30]

Post-extubation stridor

Epstein and colleagues [1]

APACHE II score, age, cardiopulmonary cause for reintubation

Sandhu and colleagues [26]

Duration of previous intubation (>3 days)