Figure 1

Histopathologic findings and acute lung injury (ALI) scores. The ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) group (c) showed typical findings of lung injury, such as intra-alveolar exudates, hyaline membrane formation, inflammatory cell infiltration, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and interstitial edema. These findings were markedly decreased in the PJ34+VILI group (d). The sham (a) and lung-protective ventilation (LPV) (b) groups were almost normal. ALI scores (e) were different among the groups (P < 0.0001 by the Kruskal-Wallis test). The VILI group showed higher ALI scores than the other groups (*P < 0.05).