Antimicrobial treatment for ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis: a randomized, controlled, multicenter study

Table 6 Outcomes of study patients

	Intention to treat			Modified intention to treat
	Antibiotic treatment n = 22	No antibiotic treatment n = 36	P value	Antibiotic treatment n = 18	No antibiotic treatment n = 26	P value
Duration of mechanical ventilation, days	29 ± 17	26 ± 15	0.816	26 ± 15	24 ± 15	0.952
Mechanical ventilation-free days, median (interquartile range)	12 (8–24)	2 (0–6)	<0.001	16 (9–25)	4 (2–10)	0.001
Length of ICU stay, days	40 ± 23	36 ± 21	0.558	37 ± 21	33 ± 20	0.445
Ventilator-associated pneumonia	3 (13)	17 (47)	0.011^a	2 (11)	12 (46)	0.021^a
ICU mortality^b	4 (18)	17 (47)	0.047^a	0 (0)	11 (42)	0.001^a
Infection or colonization related to MDR bacteria	9 (40)	13 (36)	0.784	7 (38)	8 (30)	0.748
Ceftazidime or imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa	3 (13)	6 (16)	0.534	3 (16)	5 (19)	>0.999
Acinetobacter baumannii	0 (0)	2 (5)	0.521	0 (0)	0 (0)	NA
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	1 (4)	0 (0)	0.379	1 (5)	0 (0)	0.409
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	2 (9)	1 (2)	0.551	1 (5)	0 (0)	0.409
ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacilli	3 (13)	4 (11)	0.540	2 (11)	3 (11)	>0.999

Results of univariate analysis are presented. Data are expressed as frequency (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. ^aOdds ratios (95% confidence intervals) are 0.17 (0.04 to 0.70), 0.14 (0.02 to 0.76), 0.24 (0.07 to 0.88), and 0.45 (0.31 to 0.66), respectively. ^bPredicted mortality rates, based on Simplified Acute Physiology Score II at ICU admission, were 39%, 39%, 35%, and 41% in the four groups, respectively. ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; ICU, intensive care unit; MDR, multidrug-resistant; NA, not applicable.

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