Table 1 Patient characteristics
| Â | Development set (n = 188) | Validation set (n = 132) |
|---|---|---|
Age, years | 64 ± 18 | 63 ± 16 |
Gender | Â | Â |
   Male | 108 (57) | 85 (64) |
   Female | 80 (43) | 47 (36) |
Cirrhosis | 19 (10) | 21 (16) |
End-stage renal disease | 9 (5) | 10 (8) |
Manifestations in emergency department | Â | Â |
   Hematemesis | 3 (2) | 10 (8) |
   Red blood per nasogastric tube | 20 (11) | 12 (9) |
   'Coffee ground' emesis | 25 (13) | 19 (14) |
   Red blood per rectum | 32 (17) | 39 (30) |
   Melena | 17 (9) | 22 (17) |
   None | 95 (50) | 47 (36) |