Table 5 Comparison of the techniques and agents used for analgesia and sedation in 2002 and 2006
Less than 24 hours | 24 to 72 hours | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage (95% CI) | P value | Percentage (95% CI) | P value | |||
Year | 2002 n = 220 | 2006 n = 214 | 2002 n = 220 | 2006 n = 214 | ||
Midazolam | 45.9 (36.1 to 55.6) | 34.6 (23.7 to 45.4) | <0.001 | 77.3 (71.0 to 83.6) | 62.2 (53.9 to 70.4) | <0.001 |
Propofol | 81.4 (75.7 to 87.1) | 82.7 (77.1 to 88.3) | 0.6 | 55,9 (47.2 to 64.7) | 67.3 (59.6 to 74.9) | <0.001 |
Remifentanil | 5.9 (-6.9 to 18.7) | 16.8 (4.6 to 29.0) | <0.001 | 2.3 (-10.8 to 15.3) | 7.9 (-4.9 to 20.8) | <0.002 |
Fentanyl | 40.0 (29.8 to 50.3) | 27.1 (15.7 to 38.5) | <0.001 | 55.9 (47.1 to 64.7) | 40.7 (30.3 to 51.0) | <0.001 |
Sufentanil | 35.0 (24.4 to 45.7) | 41.6 (31.4 to 51.8) | <0.05 | 47.7 (38.2 to 57.3) | 58.4 (49.8 to 67.1) | <0.002 |
Piritramide | 38.2 (27.8 to 48.6) | 35.1 (24.3 to 45.8) | 0.3 | 15.5 (3.3 to 27.6) | 16.8 (4.6 to 29.0) | 0.6 |
Morphine | 8.6 (-4.0 to 21.3) | 7.5 (-5.4 to 20.4) | 0.5 | 4.5 (-8.4 to 17.5) | 7.9 (-4.9 to 20.8) | 0.06 |
PCA | 25.5 (14.0 to 36.9) | 28.5 (17.2 to 39.8) | 0.3 | 15.5 (3.3 to 27.6) | 21.5 (9.6 to 33.4) | <0.001 |
Ketamine (S) | 6.8 (-5.9 to 19.6) | 14.5 (2.1 to 26.9) | 0.001 | 20.0 (8.2 to 31.8) | 25.7 (14.2 to 37.2) | <0.001 |
Clonidine | 35.9 (25.3 to 46.5) | 33.6 (22.7 to 44.6) | 0.5 | 48.2 (38.7 to 57.7) | 49.5 (40.0 to 59.1) | 0.7 |
NSAIDs | 26.8 (15.6 to 38.2) | 23.8 (12.1 to 35.5) | 0.3 | 13.2 (0.8 to 25.5) | 16.8 (4.6 to 29.0) | 0.1 |
NMBAs | 3.6 (-9.3 to 16.6) | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | n.c. |
PNB | 15.5 (3.3 to 27.6) | 23.8 (12.1 to 35.5) | 0.004 | 12.7 (0.4 to 25.1) | 22.0 (10.1 to 33.8) | <0.001 |
PCEA | 7.3 (-5.5 to 20.0) | 11.7 (-0.9 to 24.3) | 0.04 | 5.9 (-6.9 to 18.7) | 9.8 (-2.9 to 22.5) | 0.05 |
Epidural | 68.2 (60.8 to 75.7) | 72.0 (64.9 to 79.1) | 0.5 | 59.1 (50.7 to 67.6) | 73.8 (67.0 to 80.7) | <0.001 |