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Table 3 Mean daily intensive care unit costs per patient and percentage of total cost sorted by hospital level of care

From: A German national prevalence study on the cost of intensive care: an evaluation from 51 intensive care units

Direct cost (€)

All hospitals (n = 453)

Primary care hospitals (n = 93)

General care hospitals (n = 103)

Focused care hospitals (n = 111)

Maximum care hospitals (n = 146)

Mean daily cost

791 (305)*

685 (234)

672 (199)

816 (363)

923 (306)

€/TISS point

32 (13.7)

33 (14.8)

31 (11.6)

33 (15.0)

32(13.7)

Staff cost

444 (105)*

387 (54)

415 (93)

438 (114)

505 (101)

Medicationa

148 (191)*

139 (185)

98 (108)

169 (211)

174 (217)

Antibiotics

24 (43)

20 (36)

19 (38)

29 (48)

25 (46)

Blood products

30 (105)

16 (60)

16 (53)

43 (151)

39 (113)

Invasive proceduresb

24 (55)

14 (30)

20 (50)

30 (66)

30 (61)

Diagnosticsc

96 (90)*

76 (66)

67 (64)

102 (97)

122 (105)

Laboratory

65 (62)*

49 (40)

44 (37)

71 (67)

87 (75)

Microbiology

9 (30)

7 (25)

3 (8)

9 (27)

16 (41)

  1. Data presented as the mean (standard deviation). TISS, Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS-28).
  2. aAll given drugs, fluids, blood products and nutrition.
  3. bFor example, intubation, catheterizations, renal replacement therapy and mechanical ventilation.
  4. cAll diagnostic procedures including imaging, laboratory tests and microbiologic analysis.
  5. *Significant difference (P < 0.05) between the different levels of hospital care.