From: Clinical review: Patency of the circuit in continuous renal replacement therapy
Derangement | Cause and signs | Adjustment |
---|---|---|
Metabolic acidosis | Insufficient removal of metabolic acids | Increase continuous renal replacement therapy dose |
 | Anion gap increases | (filtrate or dialysate flow) to 35 ml/kg per hour |
 | Loss of buffer substrate is higher than delivery | Increase bicarbonate replacement or increase bicarbonate dialysate flow or give additional bicarbonate or increase citrate flow (cave accumulation) |
 | Citrate metabolism decreases (iCa decreases, totCa/iCa increases [more than 2.1–2.5], and anion gap increases) | Decrease citrate delivery or stop increase dialysate or filtrate flow increase bicarbonate replacement or increase bicarbonate dialysate flow |
Metabolic alkalosis | Delivery of buffer substrate is higher than loss | Decrease bicarbonate replacement or decrease bicarbonate dialysate flow or stop additional bicarbonate i.v. or decrease citrate flow (cave anticoagulation) |
 | Decreased loss of buffer due to a decline in filtrate flow | Change filter Increase filtrate flow |
Hypocalcemia | Loss of calcium is higher than delivery (iCa decreases and totCa/iCa is normal) | Increase i.v. calcium dose |
 | Citrate metabolism decreases (metabolic acidosis, totCa/iCa increases, and anion gap increases) | Increase i.v. calcium dose, decrease or stop citrate delivery increase dialysate or filtrate flow, increase bicarbonate replacement or increase bicarbonate dialysate flow |
Hypercalcemia | Delivery of calcium is higher than loss | Decrease i.v. calcium dose |
Hypernatremia | Delivery of sodium is higher than loss | Recalculate default settings |
 |  | Protocol violation |
 |  | • decrease sodium replacement |
 |  | • decrease dialysate sodium content |
 |  | • decrease trisodium citrate flow |
 | Decreased loss of sodium due to a decline in filtrate flow | Change filter |
Hyponatremia | Loss of sodium is higher than delivery | Recalculate default settings |
 |  | Protocol violation |
 |  | • increase sodium replacement |
 |  | • increase dialysate sodium content |
 |  | • increase trisodium citrate flow |