Figure 1
From: Pulse pressure variation: beyond the fluid management of patients with shock
Determinants of pulse pressure variation. Pulse pressure variation (PPV) is a marker of the position on the Frank–Starling curve, not an indicator of blood volume or a marker of cardiac preload. Increasing preload induces a decrease in PPV (from 
to 
). PPV is mimimal when the heart is operating on the plateau of the Frank–Starling curve ( and 
). Decreasing preload induces an increase in PPV (from to 
), also increasing contractility (from to ).