Parameter | Patients requiring chronic renal dialysis | Admissions not requiring chronic renal dialysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Deaths | n | (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P valuee | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P valuef |
Age (years)* |  |  |  | 1.28 (1.20–1.36) | < 0.001 | 1.50 (1.49–1.52) | <0.001 |
   < 45 | 223 | 681 | (32.8) | per 10-year increase |  | per 10-year increase |  |
   45–54 | 234 | 499 | (46.9) |  |  |  |  |
   55–64 | 314 | 711 | (44.2) |  |  |  |  |
   65–74 | 398 | 805 | (49.4) |  |  |  |  |
   75+ | 210 | 351 | (59.8) |  |  |  |  |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.145 | Â | 0.653 |
   Female | 546 | 1,220 | (44.8) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   Male | 833 | 1,827 | (45.6) | 1.15 (0.95–1.38) |  | 1.10 (1.07–1.12) |  |
Surgical status* | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
   Elective surgery | 124 | 548 | (22.6) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   Emergency surgery | 194 | 486 | (39.9) | 1.69 (1.23–2.32) |  | 2.49 (2.40–2.59) |  |
   Nonsurgical | 1,061 | 2,012 | (52.7) | 2.10 (1.59–3.78) |  | 3.83 (3.69–3.97) |  |
Past medical history* | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.042 | Â | 0.111 |
   Absent | 1,121 | 2,563 | (43.7) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   Present | 258 | 484 | (53.3) | 1.29 (1.01–1.64) |  | 1.57 (1.52–1.62) |  |
CPR before admission* | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | 0.424 |
   No | 1,083 | 2,621 | (41.3) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   Yes | 295 | 423 | (69.7) | 1.90 (1.44–2.52) |  | 2.14 (2.05–2.22) |  |
LOS before admission (days)* | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | 0.053 |
   0 | 378 | 863 | (43.8) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   1–2 | 198 | 595 | (33.3) | 0.76 (0.58–1.00) |  | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) |  |
   2–3 | 94 | 240 | (39.2) | 0.98 (0.69–1.40) |  | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) |  |
   3–6 | 197 | 448 | (44.0) | 0.95 (0.71–1.27) |  | 1.29 (1.24–1.34) |  |
   7+ | 511 | 900 | (56.8) | 1.95 (1.52–2.49) |  | 1.86 (1.80–1.93) |  |
Temperaturea (°C) |  |  |  |  | 0.783 |  | 0.078 |
   < 34 | 80 | 126 | (63.5) | 1.24 (0.77–1.99) |  | 1.96 (1.84–2.08) |  |
   34–36 | 456 | 946 | (48.2) | 1.05 (0.85–1.30) |  | 1.23 (1.19–1.26) |  |
   36–38.5 | 465 | 1,208 | (38.5) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   38.5–39 | 120 | 274 | (43.8) | 1.16 (0.85–1.59) |  | 0.95 (0.91–0.98) |  |
   ≥ 39 | 193 | 382 | (50.5) | 1.13 (0.84–1.51) |  | 1.10 (1.06–1.13) |  |
Mean arterial pressurea (mmHg)* | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
   < 50 | 410 | 596 | (68.8) | 1.96 (1.36–2.83) |  | 1.96 (1.87–2.04) |  |
   50–70 | 575 | 1,189 | (48.4) | 1.29 (0.95–1.75) |  | 1.21 (1.17–1.25) |  |
   70–110 | 117 | 351 | (33.3) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   110–130 | 144 | 496 | (29.0) | 0.74 (0.52–1.05) |  | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) |  |
   ≥ 130 | 100 | 357 | (28.0) | 0.62 (0.42–0.92) |  | 1.26 (1.20–1.32) |  |
Heart rateb (beats/min)* | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | 0.638 |
   < 50 | 86 | 168 | (51.2) | 1.34 (0.88–2.06) |  | 1.15 (1.08–1.22) |  |
   50–100 | 242 | 780 | (31.0) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   100–110 | 170 | 446 | (38.1) | 1.23 (0.92–1.64) |  | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) |  |
   110–120 | 228 | 486 | (46.9) | 1.57 (1.18–2.08) |  | 1.37 (1.32–1.42) |  |
   120–140 | 373 | 697 | (53.5) | 1.81 (1.40–2.36) |  | 1.72 (1.66–1.77) |  |
   140–155 | 137 | 241 | (56.9) | 1.86 (1.30–2.66) |  | 2.15 (2.06–2.24) |  |
   ≥ 155 | 107 | 162 | (66.0) | 2.09 (1.35–3.23) |  | 2.52 (2.40–2.64) |  |
Respiratory rateb (breaths/min)* | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | 0.082 |
   < 6 | 63 | 121 | (52.1) | 0.99 (0.60–1.64) |  | 1.22 (1.15–1.30) |  |
   6–12 | 357 | 881 | (40.5) | 1.11 (0.84–1.46) |  | 1.07 (1.04–1.11) |  |
   12–14 | 230 | 496 | (46.4) | 1.38 (1.01–1.88) |  | 1.23 (1.19–1.27) |  |
   14–25 | 207 | 503 | (41.2) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   25–35 | 269 | 627 | (42.9) | 1.13 (0.84–1.51) |  | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) |  |
   35–40 | 115 | 190 | (60.5) | 2.11 (1.40–3.18) |  | 1.25 (1.19–1.32) |  |
   ≥ 40 | 96 | 148 | (64.9) | 2.32 (1.46–3.68) |  | 1.49 (1.41–1.56) |  |
Oxygenationb (mmHg)* | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.025 | Â | 0.003 |
   A-aDO2 (FiO2 ≥ 0.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
< 250 | 92 | 182 | (50.6) | Reference | Â | Reference | Â |
250–350 | 187 | 332 | (56.3) | 1.28 (0.96–1.72) |  | 1.28 (1.24–1.32) |  |
350–500 | 109 | 200 | (54.5) | 0.73 (0.49–1.07) |  | 1.56 (1.48–1.63) |  |
≥ 500 | 164 | 242 | (67.8) | 1.26 (0.87–1.84) |  | 1.70 (1.63–1.77) |  |
   PaO2 (FiO2 < 0.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
< 50 | 33 | 61 | (54.1) | 1.53 (0.80–2.93) |  | 1.06 (0.97–1.16) |  |
50–70 | 130 | 295 | (44.1) | 1.04 (0.77–1.41) |  | 0.95 (0.92–0.99) |  |
70–80 | 128 | 343 | (37.3) | 0.78 (0.58–1.04) |  | 0.91 (0.87–0.94) |  |
≥ 80 | 352 | 846 | (41.6) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Arterial pHa* | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | 0.985 |
   < 7.15 | 156 | 190 | (82.1) | 2.65 (1.68–4.18) |  | 2.95 (2.78–3.13) |  |
   7.15–7.25 | 157 | 248 | (63.3) | 1.53 (1.08–2.16) |  | 1.65 (1.59–1.72) |  |
   7.25–7.33 | 248 | 544 | (45.6) | 1.16 (0.92–1.47) |  | 1.20 (1.16–1.23) |  |
   7.33–7.5 | 559 | 1,380 | (40.5) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   ≥ 7.5 | 79 | 153 | (51.6) | 1.40 (0.95–2.07) |  | 1.40 (1.33–1.48) |  |
Serum sodiuma (mmol/l)* | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.035 | Â | 0.079 |
   < 130 | 174 | 331 | (52.6) | 1.44 (1.09–1.90) |  | 1.43 (1.37–1.48) |  |
   130–150 | 1,069 | 2,468 | (43.3) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   ≥ 150 | 41 | 64 | (64.1) | 1.12 (0.61–2.07) |  | 2.26 (2.14–2.39) |  |
Serum potassiuma (mmol/l) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.180 | Â | <0.001 |
   < 3 | 68 | 125 | (54.4) | 1.15 (0.74–1.78) |  | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) |  |
   3–3.5 | 199 | 379 | (52.5) | 1.16 (0.89–1.52) |  | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) |  |
   3.5–5.5 | 658 | 1,482 | (44.4) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   5.5–6 | 143 | 351 | (40.7) | 0.91 (0.68–1.21) |  | 1.26 (1.19–1.32) |  |
   6–7 | 145 | 370 | (39.2) | 0.74 (0.55–0.99) |  | 1.39 (1.31–1.48) |  |
   ≥ 7 | 68 | 153 | (44.4) | 0.84 (0.55–1.28) |  | 1.40 (1.25–1.56) |  |
Serum creatininea (mg/100 ml) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.295 | Â | 0.095 |
   < 1.5 | 21 | 73 | (28.8) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   1.5–2 | 28 | 67 | (41.8) | 0.55 (0.28–1.08) |  | 1.05 (1.02–1.09) |  |
   2–3.5 | 152 | 307 | (49.5) | 0.90 (0.58–1.39) |  | 1.37 (1.32–1.42) |  |
   ≥ 3.5 | 1,048 | 2,365 | (44.3) | 0.80 (0.55–1.15) |  | 1.25 (1.18–1.32) |  |
Serum albuminb (g/l)* | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 | Â | 0.060 |
   < 20 | 453 | 823 | (55.0) | 1.50 (1.20–1.87) |  | 1.37 (1.34–1.41) |  |
   20–25 | 239 | 501 | (47.7) | 1.35 (1.05–1.72) |  | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) |  |
   ≥ 25 | 350 | 990 | (35.4) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
Haematocrita (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.133 | Â | 0.002 |
   < 20 | 164 | 324 | (50.6) | 0.70 (0.49–1.01) |  | 1.26 (1.18–1.34) |  |
   20–30 | 790 | 1,769 | (44.7) | 0.86 (0.70–1.06) |  | 1.16 (1.14–1.19) |  |
   ≥ 30 | 326 | 751 | (43.4) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
White blood counta (× 1,000/mm3)* |  |  |  |  | 0.021 |  | 0.884 |
   < 3 | 92 | 129 | (71.3) | 2.02 (1.26–3.25) |  | 1.70 (1.60–1.79) |  |
   3–15 | 586 | 1,577 | (37.2) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   15–20 | 252 | 533 | (47.3) | 1.05 (0.83–1.33) |  | 1.13 (1.10–1.17) |  |
   20–40 | 287 | 508 | (56.5) | 1.28 (1.00–1.64) |  | 1.26 (1.22–1.30) |  |
   ≥ 40 | 32 | 48 | (66.7) | 1.34 (0.67–2.70) |  | 1.38 (1.25–1.53) |  |
Glasgow Coma Scorec* |  |  |  | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.09–1.09) | 0.067 |
   3–6 | 360 | 466 | (77.3) | per decrease of 1 |  | per decrease of 1 |  |
   7–9 | 73 | 138 | (52.9) |  |  |  |  |
   10–12 | 77 | 161 | (47.8) |  |  |  |  |
   13–15 | 756 | 2,044 | (37.0) |  |  |  |  |
Organ system failuresd* |  |  |  | 1.25 (1.07–1.46) | 0.005 | 1.31 (1.28–1.33) | 0.561 |
   0 | 289 | 1,036 | (27.9) | per increase of 1 |  | per increase of 1 |  |
   1 | 469 | 1,077 | (43.6) |  |  |  |  |
   2 | 413 | 662 | (62.4) |  |  |  |  |
   3+ | 208 | 272 | (76.5) |  |  |  |  |
Sepsis* | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.022 | Â | 0.060 |
   No | 785 | 2,035 | (38.6) | Reference |  | Reference |  |
   Yes | 594 | 1,012 | (58.7) | 1.28 (1.04–1.57) |  | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) |  |