Table 3 Novel agents for the treatment of Pulmonary–renal syndrome [102-113]
From: Bench-to-bedside review: Pulmonary–renal syndromes – an update for the intensivist
Biological agent | Mechanism of action | Indication-study population | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
Etanercept | TNFα inhibitor | Maintenance therapy in Wegener's granulomatosis | Not effective, high rate of treatment-related complications |
Infliximab | TNFα inhibitor | ANCA-associated vasculitis | Effective, severe infection rate, severe relapse rate |
Rituximab | Anti-CD20 antibody for B lymphocytes | ANCA-associated vasculitis, refractory to or contraindication to treatment | Effective, preliminary data |
Mycofenolate mofetil | Suppressor of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes | ANCA-associated vasculitis, remission maintenance | Well tolerated, high relapse rate |
Leflunomide | Suppressor of T cells | Wegener's granulomatosis, remission maintenance | Well tolerated, high relapse rate |
Antithymocyte globulin | Suppressor of T cells | Severe refractory Wegener's granulomatosis | Partial or complete remission, high complication rate |