The role of body mass index and diabetes in the development of acute organ failure and subsequent mortality in an observational cohort

Table 1 Demographic distribution and outcomes of study participants

Category	n (%)	Acute organ failure within 3 years (%)	Death within 3 years (%)
Age group
44–49	4,106 (26.7)	0.4	1.1
50–54	4,007 (26.0)	0.6	1.0
55–59	3,761 (24.4)	0.9	2.3
60–66	3,534 (22.9)	1.8	4.0
Sex
Male	6,918 (44.9)	1.1	2.7
Female	8,490 (55.1)	0.6	1.5
Race
White	11,365 (73.8)	0.9	1.6
Black	4,043 (26.2)	0.7	3.2
Smoking status
Current smoker	4,394 (28.5)	1.2	3.4
Former smoker	4,964 (32.2)	0.9	1.8
Never smoker	6,050 (39.3)	0.6	1.3
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	1,830 (11.9)	2.4	5.4
No	13,578 (88.1)	0.7	1.6
Body mass index
<20	506 (3.3)	1.4	3.0
20–24	4,610 (29.9)	0.9	2.0
25–29	6,058 (39.3)	0.8	1.9
≥30	4,234 (27.5)	0.9	2.2
Education level
<12 years	3,646 (23.7)	1.4	3.6
12 years	4,991 (32.4)	0.6	1.9
≥12 years	6,771 (43.9)	0.7	1.3
GOLD category^a
GOLD 3 or 4	280 (1.8)	5.4	8.6
GOLD 2	1,469 (9.5)	1.9	4.1
GOLD 1	1,677 (10.9)	0.9	2.0
GOLD 0	2,170 (14.1)	1.2	2.2
Restricted	1,295 (8.4)	1.4	3.9
Normal	8,517 (55.3)	0.4	1.1
Total	15,408	0.9	2.0

Data are taken from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study 1986–1989 and follow-up. FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity. ^aModified Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 3 or 4 (FEV₁/FVC < 0.70 and FEV₁ < 50% predicted), GOLD stage 2 (FEV₁/FVC < 0.70 and FEV₁ ≥ 50 to < 80% predicted), GOLD stage 1 (FEV₁/FVC < 0.70 and FEV₁ ≥ 80%), restricted (FEV₁/FVC ≥ 0.70 and FVC < 80% predicted), GOLD stage 0 (presence of respiratory symptoms in the absence of any lung function abnormality). All lung function measurements were pre-bronchodilator values.

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